CHOLERA

Disease information



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CHOLERA
Cholera.

Diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholera.

Based on the criteria used to classify them, there are two major varieties, classical and El Tor.

Cholera has produced major pandemics (ie, global epidemics)

Causes.

Cholera is transmitted by fecal - oral route, contaminated feces in turn contaminate the water used for irrigation or drinking.

The symptoms of cholera are caused by a toxin that causes secrección fluid into the digestive tract.

Signs and symptoms.

The cardinal symptom is diarrhea:

Begins after one to two days.

In characteristic appearance:

Aqueous.

"In water to wash rice" (gray, cloudy, with traces of mucus)

Very abundant (up to 250 ml / kg. 15 liters for a person 60 Kg)

Painless.

Without fever.

Vomiting may occur.

The loss of water and electrolytes causes:

Muscle cramps.

Weakness.

Dehydration.

Risk Factors.

Drink water or taking of vegetables and fruits without proper hygienic conditions.

Overcrowding and poverty.

Malnutrition.

Prevention.

Prevent or disinfect water and the vegetables and fruits hygiene dubious:

Put a pad of bleach (sold for human consumption and a variable amount of water in pharmacies and other airports) for the amount of water that is likely to take.

Alternatively boil.

Soak the raw fruits or vegetables in water with a bleach tablet during the time that the instructions advise.

Wash hands thoroughly before eating or handling food.

Diagnosis and Treatment.

Diagnosis.

The diagnosis is made through the clinic.

It may be necessary to carry out blood tests to rule out complications.

For reasons may be useful to conduct epidemiological analysis of feces.

For details in English, Travel Information from WHO.

Treatment.

The foundation of treatment is adequate rehydration.

General Measures.

The patient is resting and comfortable.

If you do not have vomiting, shall be restored through a liquid solution glucosalina.

If you have vomiting or severe dehydration, you must administer fluids intravenously initially.

Medication.

May not be necessary.

Activity.

Sleep until recovery.

Diet.

View and prevention measures.

Complications.

Cholera can be fatal, for dehydration.

Forecast.

With proper treatment in time, heals in a week.


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