GLAUCOMA
Disease information
GLAUCOMA
Glaucoma
.
Damages in the optical nerve caused by an increase of pressure in the interior of the eye that give like result the loss of the vision.
There are four types of
glaucoma
:
Primary
Glaucoma
of open angle.
Congenital
Glaucoma
.
Secondary
Glaucoma
.
Glaucoma
of closed angle.
Prognosis.
In the Glaucomas secondary, it depends on the underlying cause.
Glaucomas of closed angle usually is solved perfectly with the surgery.
Glaucoma
of open angle does not have definitive treatment,
but
the medication allows to conserve the vision during long time.
Diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnosis the increase of the intraocular pressure is confirmed by means of the test of the tonometría.
By means of oftalmoscopio the type of
glaucoma
studies and by means of the campimetría the affectation of the field of view is valued.
Treatment.
According to the type of
glaucoma
, debera ':
to take part surgically to drain watery humor in case of glaucomas of close angle.
or to give medication to reduce the intraocular
tension
, in those of open angle.
Complications.
Loss of the vision.
Prevention.
To measure the ocular
tension
, at least once to the year, after the 40.
Factors of risk.
Age superior to 40 years.
Familiar history of
glaucoma
.
Mellitus
Diabetes
.
Causes.
The previous camera of the eye (between the
cornea
or girl and the crystalline or lens) is bathed by
a
liquid
, the watery humor, that takes place in the rainbow and evacúa towards the blood in its periphery.
Glaucoma
appears when this watery humor takes place in excess or it is eliminated in smaller amount of the necessary one.
An impediment in its elimination in glaucomas of closed angle takes place, usually secondary, or in glaucomas
congenital
, in which the water - drainage channels are not developed suitably.
In glaucomas of open angle an overproduction of the
liquid
, of unknown causes takes place.
Signs and symptoms.
The most characteristic symptoms are, in
glaucoma
of closed angle:
Strong ocular pains and head.
Reddening of the eye.
Blurred vision.
Halos in the vision, mainly of objects very illuminated.
Tension
in the ocular globe (it is felt stony, without yielding to the pressure)
Expanded pupil and fixes (it is not closed with the light)
The most characteristic symptoms are, in
glaucoma
of open angle (when taking place more slowly)
Gradual establishment.
Loss of
peripheral
vision (is seen except the edges, until arriving at the denominated "vision in tunnel": as if the things through
a
tube were watched)
Blurred vision.
Halos in the vision, mainly of objects very illuminated.
Difficulty for the perception of the colors.
Little night vision.
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