HYPERTENSION
Disease information
HYPERTENSION
Arterial
hypertension
.
Persistent increase of the pressure in the arteries.
One or both components of the
arterial
tension
(the systolic
tension
or Maxima, that when coming out informs into the pressure of the heart and the diastólica or minimum
tension
to us, that informs to us into the pressure in the
glasses
of the corporal periphery) estan increased.
She is one of the most important causes of
problems
of
health
in the western world.
Prognosis.
If an suitable control is obtained, the
hypertension
reduces neither to the duration nor the quality of the life.
Badly
a
control of the same one yes reduces them.
Complications.
The
arterial
hypertension
is one of the more outstanding factors of risk in the
problems
vasculares:
infarct
cardiac
and congestivo
failure
cardiac
.
embolia
cerebral
(ACV)
edema
pulmonary
.
renal failure
.
affectation of the
retina
with loss of vision, and even blindness.
Diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnosis.
The diagnosis is made by means of the taking of the
arterial
tension
of suitable form (three takings in
a
month, having remained the patient in rest before
each
taking at least five minutes)
Once diagnosed, the suitable tests will be made to discard some
disease
that causes by means of general exploration and analysis of blood and tinkles.
Once discarded some cause for the same one, the affectation will be due to study that
has
been able to produce before its diagnosis, by means of:
thorax
x - rays.
ECG (electrocardiogram)
study of the small blood vessels by means of the examination of the eye bottom.
Finally, other factors must look for that increase the risk of complications, like
Diabetes
mellitus
or hiperlipemias (high
cholesterol
)
Treatment.
He is
essential
in the treatment:
to let smoke.
to let drink
alcohol
.
to radically
change
of life style, avoiding
stress
.
To learn to take the
tension
and to do it every day can help us to improve the control of the
tension
. Medication.
The antihypertensive medication is forced, if
dietetic
the general measures and hygienic are not able to standardize the
tension
(what they do in
a
great number of cases if they are made conscientiously)
Not to take anti -
flu
, anticatarrhal or decongestant medication without consent of its
doctor
.
Activity
.
Daily
moderate
exercise.
Diet.
Animal poor man greasy.
Little salt.
To avoid the
coffee
and other drinks with caffein.
To avoid the
alcohol
.
With this
disease
it is advised to follow the following diets:
Poor diet in "ample" salt.
Poor diet in strict salt.
Prevention.
The treatment successfully of some of the
diseases
that produce
hypertension
can avoid it.
Special
attention
to the people with very positive familiar history is due to render.
The early treatment of the enferemdad avoids serious complications.
Causes.
In most of the cases it is not known.
In, approximately 5 % of the cases, are secondary
a
:
chronic
renal insufficiency.
renales and suprarrenales
diseases
.
endocrinos
disorders
and
tumors
.
arterioesclerosis.
diseases
of the arteries (
arteritis
)
limitation (collapse) of the aorta.
Signs and symptoms.
The high
tension
does not produce, by
itself
,
clinic
.
This one comes caused by its complications:
Mareos.
Headache
.
Confusion or loss of sensitivity in extremities, by the
cerebral
affectation.
Cough sanguinolenta or shortening of the breathing, by the affectation of the lungs.
Nasal hemorrhages.
Whip stalls of vision.
Failure
of the kidneys, etc. by the affectation of the circulation to the respective organs.
Factors of risk.
Age superior to 60 years.
Obesity
.
Tabaquismo.
Stress
.
Alcoholism
.
Stimulating excess of
coffee
or drinks (with caffein)
Greasy and / or very salty diets.
Sedentary life.
Familiar history of
infarct
or
hypertension
.
Medicine use certain:
contraceptive pills.
steroids.
suppresors of the appetite.
nasal decongestants.
High levels of
cholesterol
or of lipids.
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