Cardiac valve disorders
Disease information
Cardiac valve disorders
Valvulopatia
cardiac
.
Complication of some
diseases
, that distorts or destroys the valves of the heart.
Affected parts.
The four valves can be affected
cardiac
,
but
he is much more frequent in those of the left camera (mitral and aortic) that in those of the right (
pulmonary
tripeak and)
Age.
It can affect any age, without
sexual
preferences.
Prognosis.
It depends on the
primary
ailment.
Many complications of the
diseases
valvulares can be controlled with medication or be cured with surgery.
Complications.
Infection
of the valves.
Congestivo
cardiac
failure
(the heart does not support the overload produced by the
injury
to valvular)
Diagnosis and treatment.
DIAGNOSIS:
File and physical examination by
a
doctor
.
Analysis of blood.
Electrocardiography.
Techniques of
static
and
dynamic
visualization, like:
Ecografía
cardiac
, sometimes through the
esophagus
.
Cardiac
Cateterismo.
X - rayses of the heart, lungs and sanguineous flow (angiography)
TREATMENT:
The treatment is based on:
Medical treatment.
Hospitalization.
Surgery to replace or to open the defective valves (some times)
General measures.
Notice any
doctor
, dentist or anesthetist who are going to him to deal with which he
has
an affection of the
cardiac
valves.
Recuérdeselo, although thinks that already they know the details his medical file.
Medication.
His
doctor
can prescribe:
Antibiotics to deal with or to prevent the
infections
the
cardiac
valves.
Antiarrhythmic drugs to fight the irregularities of the heart rate.
Medication with digitalis to reinforce or to regularize the heart rate.
Diuréticos to reduce the overload
cardiac
.
Activity
.
All the one that can tolerate.
With certain forms of affection of the
cardiac
valves the restrictions are not necessary.
Diet.
Low in fats and salt.
Warn its medico if.
They appear signs of
infection
like:
fever,
chills,
muscular
pains,
headache
,
fatigue and general malaise.
It presents / displays
a
sudden worsening of the symptoms.
Prevention.
Ask for medical treatment for
diseases
that cause injuries of the
cardiac
valves, like the
hypertension
,
endocarditis
and sífilis.
Take antibiotics for the
infections
by estreptococos to prevent the
rheumatic
fever.
If it
has
familiar antecedents of
congenital
disease
of the heart, requests
genetic
advising before having
children
.
Signs and symptoms.
Without symptoms (sometimes)
Fatigue and weakness.
Mareos or fadings.
Pain chest.
Lack of air.
Pulmonary
Congestión.
Irregularities of the heart rate.
Cardiac
blowings (abnormal sounds of the heart that the
doctor
by means of fonendoscopio listens to)
Anomalies
of the
arterial
tension
(high or low)
Factors of risk.
Age superior to 60 years.
Familiar antecedents of affection of the
cardiac
valves.
Pregnancy
.
Fatigue or excess of work.
Drug administration by parenteral route.
Causes.
The heart
has
4 valves.
The mitral and the tripeak (main valves) control the sanguineous flow between the auricles, receiving of the blood, and the ventricles, that impel it.
The valves
pulmonary
and aortic prevent that the blood returns haca the heart after its impulsion by the ventricles.
The affection of the
cardiac
valves can consist of the narrowing of the valves (estenosis) that obstructs the sanguineous flow, or of the widening or healing of the valves, that allow that the blood returns backwards (insufficiency)
This
disease
can be inherited or be caused by:
Rheumatic fever
(
a
complication of faringoamigdalítis by estreptococos)
Ateroesclerosis.
Hypertension
.
Congenital
defects of the heart.
Infections
of the valves (
endocarditis
) after an
infection
in the blood (the autoinyección of drugs, entails
a
very high risk)
Sífilis (rarely)
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