Goiter
Disease information
Goiter
The
goiter
, is the suffering commonest of the gland
thyroid
and as large as consists of the increase the gland
thyroid
. This increase can be in
a
single part forming
a
unique or
multiple
nodule or like
a
diffuse
goiter
, that involves all the gland.
The gland
thyroid
is located in the base of the neck on the trachea and its
function
is the one to produce hormones T4 and T3, that regulate the metabolism and many other processes of the body, reason why its good operation is necessary for the life.
This gland
has
form of butterfly with two lobes, left and the right that is united by one more
a
narrower strip or isthmus.
In order to work it needs the stimulating hormone of the
thyroid
or TSH, that comes from the gland hipófisis or pituitaria, that is located in the base of the skull and that exerts in total control on her. The increase in the levels of the TSH, indicates to the gland
thyroid
that must extract iodide of the sanguineous torrent, turned
iodine
and to produce hormones known like tiroxina and triyodotironina.
Gland
thyroid
is only organ of organism that uses
iodine
and although only it needs it in very small amounts, to produce hormones T3 and T4, his
deficiency
can to cause
goiter
, since the gland enlarges to be able to increase its capacity to extract and to process the
iodine
, that we can acquire it through the product consumption of sea, yodatada salt and bread added with
iodine
.
This
problem
is more frequent in women than in men and
has
a
greater incidence to greater age, nevertheless in some cases can appear during the
childhood
or adolescence, when it occurs to the
period
of accelerated growth and
metabolic
changes, the increase of size of the neck in these cases, is proportional to the one of the rest of its body, reason why it is known him like "goiter of the adolescence".
Not all the apparent cases of "bocios", are developed by the alteration in tiroideas hormones. Often they must to the formation of cysts, quísticos, hemorrágicos or solid nodules that form by the proliferation of the tiroideo weave or to an increase of the formation of
a
called
liquid
colloid that is between the tiroideas cells that they are grouped forming follicles.
Depending on its characteristics, there are several types of
goiter
:
the simple
goiter
appears generally when the gland
thyroid
is incapable to produce and to satisfy the necessities with the hormone
thyroid
, which causes that this one enlarges to compensate the situation, with which generally correct the slight deficiencies of the tiroidea hormone.
The simple
goiter
can be endemic, when it appears in several people of
a
community who live in places with deficient grounds in
iodine
and far from the coasts or sporadic, whose cause is not known although
a
relation with the medicine use exists like
lithium
or the aminoglutetimida one.
In
goiter
it is not bound to the
thyroid
cancer
and depending on its characteristics, can be diffuse, when there is
a
global
increase of the gland or to nodular, when focal increases take place. Also, depending on the capacity of hormonal production, it can be classified in: normofuncionante, when the tiroideas hormones take place of
normal
form; hipofuncionante, when the tiroideas hormones are low or hiperfuncionante, when the hormone production very is elevated.
IMPORTANT:
The content of this note is informative and it does not replace the medical diagnosis, reason why we do not become people in
charge
on its use.
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