Myopia
Disease information
Myopia
It is
a
frequent
problem
and one calculates that between adults 3 of
each
10 usually they have it and more or less one of
each
5
children
presents / displays this or another
problem
of
visual
sharpness, reason why is important to take care of them on time to avoid learning
problems
to them.
The
myopia
is generally been from an increase or elongación in the anteroposterior diameter of the ocular globe that in
normal
situation must be round. This elongación of the front backwards causes that the light rays focus in front of the
retina
and not in her, causing that the distant objects are difficult to distinguish.
Also it can be caused by the increase of the capacity of refraction of some of the layers of the eye like the
cornea
, the crystalline or watery humor or by the increase of the curvature of the
cornea
or the crystalline.
This upheaval can be
congenital
or to be developed during the
childhood
. Also
a
propensity exists to inherit it of the parents. One generally detects from the
childhood
, when
problems
when reading are experienced what the teacher writes in the blackboard of the school and the same affects to
children
and
children
. When it is developed during the
childhood
, its progress is fast, requiring some times the
change
of lenses correctors every year.
The vision tends to become stabilized during the first years of the adult life, reason why after the 20 years, many people no longer must
change
their lenses.
Between the main symptoms they are:
difficulty to see distant objects,
headache
and ocular fatigue what can cause reddening and pain in the eyes.
A
characteristic gesture is the one to close
a
little the eyes to be able to afocar better.
In order to diagnose it, the optometrista ophtalmologist or makes the test of
visual
sharpness using the record of Snellen, that contains diverse size of letter and that when reading they allow them to establish the
visual
problem
. They are complemented with the test of several lenses to choose the suitable one to the necessities of
each
person. He is very recommendable to apply the test with the record to all the
children
and
children
in scholastic age, so that if they have some
visual
problem
east does not interfere in its learning.
The
myopia
corrects with excellent results using concave lenses, that are thinner in the average part that in the edges. Many people can use
contact
lenses or resort to the refracting surgery after the 18 years, age in which the eyes let grow.
It is important not to ignore the
problems
of
visual
sharpness, since with time they can cause greater
problems
like the loosening of
retina
or vitreous humor. Many
children
do not wish to use lenses due to ridicules of the companions, reason why it is necessary to make see the importance them of taking care of its Vista and of making feel them insurances with its use.
Some recommendations for people and
children
with
myopia
are:
To read On guard seated, not laid down nor with the book upwards,
a
suitable direct illumination on the book or notebook and the light of the ignited room. The reading inclined
a
little and to about 40 cm. of distance.
To make pauses frequent when one is studying or reading or working in the computer.
To feed with fruits and
vegetables
well that contain vitamins that fortify the vision.
To review the Vista with an ophtalmologist, at least once to the year.
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