mullein

mullein

1) V. Thapsus: Gordolobo, Gordolobo male; German: Kleinblütige Königskerze; English: Great mullein. 2) V. Phlomoides: Gordolobo, Gordolobo female; al. Filzige Königskerze; English. Orange mullein. 3) V. Densiflorum: false Gordolobo; al. Großblütige Königskerze.

Flor (only Corolla and androecium)

Different species officinal are very similar to each other. They are biannual, with upright stems and broad leaves, soft, Vella and toothed. The inflorescence is a bunch of flowers upright pentámeras slightly zigomorfas expires Corolla with yellow more or less alive and perennial cup.

Source.

The Gordolobo is a Eurasian species that grows in sandy and clay soils. With the exception of the northernmost, is common in the dry slopes, edges of roads, tailings, old walls and vacant lots. It is grown easily.

Chemical composition.

The flower contains polyphenols: flavonoids (2 - 4%) acids, phenols, especially in the form of acid esters osídicos caféico: verbascósido (= ACTE) saponosides [671] fatty acids and carotenoids.

The mucilage content is about 3%: its hydrolysis mainly produces galactose, arabinose, glucose and acidic urónicos.

Like many other plants in this family and close families, the different species of the genus Verbascum are characterized by the presence of iridoides: harpagósido, Aucuba, catalpol, isocatalpol, 6ß - xilosil catalpol, and so on.

It also has studied the composition of the herb contains saponosides (especially in the simillas, ictiotóxicos) esteronas sterols and, as well as iridoides (Aucuba derivatives and similar) All bodies contain acid esters osídicos caféico: verbascósido, poliumósido.

Pharmacological data.

Apparently, the drug has not been the subject of pharmacological research, but the activities of some of its components, it has been studied. The harpagósido possesses anti - inflammatory properties, and Aucuba the related compounds are antimicrobial. The complex acid esters caféico have a strong interest for its antibacterial and antifungal activity, analgesic and antihipertensora. The act (verbascósido) is an inhibitor of lipoxygenase of leukocytes: a concentration of 2. 93 mM, it reduces by 50% the formation of Leukotriene B4 [681] leukotriene are involved in allergic disorders and inflammatory)

Employment.

The drugs and their preparations are traditionally used in the symptomatic treatment of inflammatory diseases (ENT ENT) and bronchopulmonary. The drug does not present acute toxicity spray (3 g / kg, rat, per os) or subacute (300 and 1200 mg / kg / day, rat, per os) Their application is investigated by local softening properties, antipruritic (dermatology) and lower analgesic (oral hygiene) The infusion should be carefully filtered to remove many irritants hairs.

In Spain authorizing the use of this plant for respiratory ailments: tonsillitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, asthma. Diarrhea.

The drug.

The flower is made up of Gordolobo Corolla, which joined the stamens alternipétalos. Three of the five stamens are shorter and with a hairy filament. The corolla V. Phlomoides is larger than that of V. thapsus. In the first kind, the anthers are fixed laterally, while in V. thapsus do so obliquely. Examined microscopically drugs are found numerous hair spray TECTOR in "chandelier" and long hair, colored, tubular or completed in the form of mace. It has been proposedan easy way to identify the different species. The test should include a study of the microscopic and macroscopic characters, the characterization of iridoides (a decoction) and analysis by TLC using patterns of flavonoids and acid caféico.

Bibliography.

R. Mehrotra, B. AHMED, R. A. VISHWAKARMA and R. S.

THAKUR.

Verbascoside: a new luteolin glycosides from Verbascum thapsus.

J. Nat. Prod. 52, 640 - 643, 1989; see also: SOULELES and C.

A. GERONIKAKI, Flovonoids from Verbascum thapsus, Sci.

Pharm. 57, 59 - 61, 1989.

a) V. Papaya, L. TOTH, K. OSVATH and G. BUJITAS.

Uber die von flavonoid Verbascum phlomoides L.

Pharmazie, 35, 334 - 335, 1980; see also; OSVATH et al.

Herba Hung. 21, 141 - 147, 1982 (in Hungarian, summarized in in -

English)

b) R. TSCHESCHE, S. DELHVI and S. SEPÚLVEDA.

Tamarixetin glycosies from the flowers of Verbascum phlo -

moides.

Phytochemistry, 18, 1248 - 1249, 1979.

L. SWIATEK, A. KUROWSKA and D. ROTKIEWICZ.

Analyzes kwasow tkuszczowych i fenolowych we wystepujacych.

flos verbasci (summary in English: and analysis of fatty and Phenolic.

acids in verbasci flos)

Herba Pol. 30, 173 - 181, 1984.

C. Andary, R. WYLDE, C. LAFITTE, G. PRIVAT and F. WIN -

Ternitz.

Structures of verbascoside and orobanchoside, caffeic acid - its.

gar - esters from Orobanche rapum genistae.

Phytochemistry, 21, 1123 - 1127, 1982.

R. TSCHESCHE, S. SEPULVEDA and TM. BRAUN.

Udder triterpenes, XXXIII. Udder Spaonin das von der Ver - Blüten.

bascum phlomoides L.

Chem Ber. 113, 1754 - 1760, 1980.

K. SEIFERT, J. SCHMIDT, N. T. LIEN and S. JOHN.

Iridoide aus Verbascum - Artena.

Planta Med. 52, 409 - 411, 1985.

L. SWIATEK, O. SALAMA and O. Stich.

6 - OBD - xylopyranosylcatalpol, a new glycosides from Orange County.

Verbascum thapsiforme.

Planta Med. 45, 153, 1982.

M. A. KHUROO, M. A. QURESHI, T. K. RAZDAN and P. NI -

CHOLS.

Sterones, iridoids and a sesqueterpene from Verbascum thapsus.

Phytochemistry, 27, 3541 - 3544, 1988.

J. TERESA OF EASTER, F. DIAZ and M. GRANDE.

Components of Verbascum thapsus L. III. Contribution to es -

study of saponins.

Ann. Quim. 76, 107 - 1110, 1980.

C. Andary, R. WYLDE, A. Heitz, J. P. RASCOL, J. L. RAS -

COL, J. L. ROUSSEL and C. Benitez.

Poliumoside to caffeic glycosides ester from Teucrium belion.

Phytochemistry, 24, 362 - 364, 1985.

J. L. ROUSSEL.

Contribution á I'étude Botanique et du chimiotaxonomique.

Verbascum genre in Languedoc - Cevennes.

Doctoral Thesis of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Montpellier I, 1983.

K. Ishiguro, M. YAMAKI and S. TAMAGI.

Studies on the Orange related compounds. I. On the antiobiotic.

BIAL aucubigenin and activity of certain Iride aglycones.

Yakugaku Zasshi, 102, 755 - 759, 1982.

Y. SHOYAMA, M. MATSUMOTO and I. Nishioka.

Four caffeoyl glycosides from callus tissue of Rehmannia glutinosa.

Phytochemistry, 25, 1633 - 1636, 1986.

C. Andary.

Pharmacologique activity of certain esters of l `acide 3, 4 - dihy -

droxycinnamique.

Bull. liaison, Groupe polyphénols, 11, 544 - 553, 1982.

Y. KIMURA, H. OKUDA, S. NISHIBE and S. ARICHI.

Effects of caffeoylglycosides on metabolism in ARACHIDONATE.

Leukocyte.

Planta Med. 53, 148 - 153, 1987.

Gordolobo, toxicological dossier Laboratories ARKOPA -

HARMAN.

Diseases whose treatment is appropriate in this plant.

Tracheitis.

Bronchitis.

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