WHITE SAUCE
SALIX ALBA L.
WHITE SAUCE
SALIX ALBA L.
Sauce
common
; al. Silber - Weide;
English
. White wilow.
Bark.
The genus includes Ye dioecious trees and shrubs with leaves lanceolate simple. The flowers, grouped in amentos, are embedded in the armpit of
a
bract silky, with
a
perianth reduced to two nectaries in both sexes. The male flowers are 2 to 5 stamens, the
female
had an ovary unilocular, and style into two branches stigma.
Source
.
Tree very
common
in Europe (except in the northern regions) ssp. Alba L. ssp co - erulea (Sm. Rech. Fil. Ssp. Vitellina (L. Arcangeli and ssp. Micans (N. J. Andersson) Rech. fil. This last is
specific
to Greece.
Chemical composition.
The bark of the willow is rich in polyphenolic compounds: tannins Catechists in variable quantity, glycosides of simple phenols, acids, phenols and flavonoids: isoquercitrósido, and (5 - glucosil naringetol, isosalipurpósido.
Glocer phenols. The total heterósidos content varies from 1 to 12% depending on the species, not to be the S. Alba species richest, the content also varies depending on the age of the tree. The components most frequently cited are the salicósido (also known as salicin, is the glycoside of salicylic
alcohol
or phenol 2 - hydroxymethyl) and their esters, salicortina, phenolic glycoside majority (of an acid derived
alcohol
ciclohexenónico) tremuloidina (2' - Zoila salicósido - ben) fragilina (6' - acetyl salicósido) populina (6' - benzoyl salicósido) tremulacina (2' - benzoyl salicortina) and 2' - acetyl salicósido. Other compounds are generally found in low concentrations derivatives at C6 - C3: triandrina (
p
- glucoside
alcohol
hidroxifenilpropenílico) grandidentatina (not always found)
rubber
[728] vimalina (methoxy - triandrina) or C6 - C1: spruce (
p
- glucoside of Hydroxyacetophenone)
The sheets of white willow have
a
very similar in phenolic glycosides contain condensed tannins and numerous flavonoids.
Pharmacological data.
The salicósido can be regarded as
a
prodroga which is metabolized (slowly in physiological conditions) in salicylic
alcohol
(saligenol) in bowel and, after its absorption, the latter is oxidized to salicylic acid, 730, 735] The properties of the bark of willow are the derivatives of Salicylic: inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis by irreversible inactivation of cyclooxygenase, these compounds are acting in anti - phase of inflammation (inhibition of increased capillary permeability, reduced the migration of polynuclear) antipyretics (
but
not hipotermizantes) slightly analgesic action by both
central
and
peripheral
platelet aggregation inhibitors.
Observations on man.
Although the bark of willow did not appear to have been subjected to clinical studies, the
activity
of salicylates synthesis
has
led to myriad research that shows that their
activity
and allow their conditions of employment (see the specialist works of Clinical Pharmacology) Some studies require that the bioavailability of the extracts of willow is not proportional to the dose of ingested salicylates. These fluctuations in salicilemia are also in the synthesis products.
Employment.
As for other drugs with salicylates, the bark of willow leaf recommended in the symptomatic treatment of painful joints demonstrations minors. As in the case of NSAID use is warranted in cases of
myalgia
, arthralgia,
chronic
reumatoides demonstrations. While the side effects of Salicylic are well known, there
was
no acute or
chronic
toxicity to this drug.
In Spain authorizing the use of this plant against the fever. In addition to anti - inflammatory and anti - how.
Precautions.
Allergy
or
intolerance
to salicylates.
The drug.
The bark of white willow comes in irregulars coriaceous snippets
but
flexible. The outer surface is gray ash, the inner surface brownish, smooth or finely striate. The court is brittle, odorless,
bitter
taste. Microscopically observed
a
very thin suber with cells that have only the outside walls and radial thickened,
a
cortical parenchyma with esclerificadas cells and fibers surrounded by prisms of
calcium
oxalate. The test is not enough to botanical distiguir species and subspecies of willow, which are often hybridized. Therefore, it is considered indispensable to
a
study (TLC, HPLC) of phenolic glycosides.
Other species, much richer in heterósidos, are used in different countries.
Bibliography.
K
.
H
. RECHINGER, Salix. In:
Flora
Europaea,
T
. G. Tutin,
V.
H
. Heywood, N.
A
. BURGOS,
D
.
H
. VALENTINE, S. M WAL -
Ters and
D
.
A
. WEBB, ed. Cambridge University Press, vol. 1,
p
.
41 - 54, 1964.
G. WILLUHN.
Weidenrinde. In:
Teedrogen, Ein - Handbuch fur die Praxis auf.
Wissenschaftlicher Grundlage - 2nd ed. M. WICHTL, ed. Stuttgart.
Garten, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, pp. 516 - 518,
1988.
H
. Thieme.
Die Phenolglykoside der Salicaceae.
Planta Med
. 13, 431 - 438, 1965.
B. MEIER, O. Stich and
A
. BETTSCHART.
Weidenrinden - Qualität. Gesamtsalicinbestimmung in Weiden -
Weidenpräparäten yield und mit HPLC.
Dtsch. Apoth. Ztg. 125, 341 - 347, 1985.
C
.
P
. EGLOFF.
Phenolglykoside einheimischer Salix - Artena.
Thesis, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, No. 7138, Zu -
rich, 1982.
V. PLOUVIER.
Recherche et répartition du syringoside of skimmine, d'hé.
térosides coumariniques voisins et du loganoside dans quel -
parks groups Botanique.
C
. R. Acad. Sci. III, 305, 183 - 186, 1987.
C
. KARL, G. MÜLLER and
P
.
A
. PEDERSEN.
Flavonoid aus Salix alba. Die Struktur des Terniflorins und ei -
tions Weitere Acylflavonoides.
Phytochemistry, 15, 1084 - 1085, 1976.
B. MEIER.
SALICYLATE in einheimischen Arzneipflanzen.
Journal of Pharmacie
Suisse
- Schweiz. Apoth. Ztg. 126, 725 -
733, 1988.
a
) Association of Teachers of Pharmacologie.
Course
National
pharmacologie, Paris, Ellipse, 1987.
b) L. CHAUVELOT - MOACHON,
H
. BROUILHET and J.
P
. GI -
Rouda.
Anti. inflammatoires non stéroïdiens. In:
Pharmacologie Clini -
that the basis of Thérapeutiques, 2nd ed. J.
P
. Giroud, G. MATH.
and G. MEYNIEL, ed. Paris, Expansion scientifique française, pp.
709 - 742, 1988.
D
. RICHARD,
P
. BASCHARD and R. MALINEAU.
Les prostaglandins:
from the pharmacologie
á
Thérapeutiques.
1ère partie:
structure, biosynthése, activité.
Act. Pharm. 211) 59 - 66, 1984.
B. MEIER,
D
. LEHMANN, O. Stich and
A
. BETTSCHART.
SALICYLATE in Arzeipflanzen. Screening Method (HPLC, DC)
zum nachweis.
Dtsch. Apoth. Ztg. 127, 2401 - 2407, 1987.
R. JULKUNEN - TITO.
Chemotaxonomical screening of Phenolic glycosides in north -
Hern willow twigs by capillary gas Chromatography.
J. Chromatogr. 324) 129 - 139, 1985.
R. PENTZ,
H
. G. BUSSE, R. KÖNIG and
C
.
P
. SIEGERS.
Bioverfügbarkeit von Salicylsäure und aus einem Coffein - PHY.
toánalgetischen Kombinationspräparat.
Z. für Phytother. 10, 92 - 96, 1989.
A
. DE LARA COHEN.
L `aspirin in the traitemet des rhumatismes inflammatories.
in 1987.
Revue du Praticien, 37, 2493 - 2499, 1987.
R. JULKUNEN - TIITTO.
Phenolic constituents of Salix:
a
survey of chemotaxonomic.
Finnish further species.
Finnish further species.
White Sauce
, toxicological dossier
Laboratories
ARKOPA -
White Sauce
, toxicological dossier
Laboratories
ARKOPA -
Diseases
whose treatment is appropriate in this plant.
Inflammation.
Arthritis
.
Muscle cramps
.
Rhinitis
.
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