INSUFICIENCIA HEPATIC
Disease information
INSUFICIENCIA HEPATIC
Hepática
insufficiency.
Introduction.
Digestive Apparatus.
The digestive apparatus must like
function
assure the digestion or assimilation different foods.
The digestion consists of reducing all foods in elementary substances simpler, able to happen to the blood to be used by the organism:
• Is like
a
power plant (power paper)
• Is for forming the necessary materials for the construction of the cellular architecture (
plastic
paper)
PHYSIOLOGY.
As we already know, the
function
of the digestive apparatus is to assure the digestion. The assimilation of different foods is obtained by its degradation in simple elements: fatty acid lipids, glúcidos in simple sugars (bears) prótidos in amino acids.
The set of these transformations needs combined mechanical and chemical actions. The mechanical actions consist of movements of mixed (
stomach
) and peristálticos (internal) The chemical actions require to digestive enzymes (also called diastasas) Lipasas degrades lipids, glucidasas glúcidos and the proteases the proteins.
The digestion begins in the mouth. By the mastication, the teeth crush and divide - mechanical action the foods, facilitating the
contact
with the enzyme to salivar, the ptialina (glucidasa) chemical action - Therefore, the saliva (1 l to 1. 5 ls per day)
attacks
sugars and dampens the mucosa. It transforms foods into
a
doughy nourishing skittle.
The
esophagus
is
a
simple one via of step. The liquids descend by the effect of their own
weight
. The solid foods are impelled by the peristálticos movements, towards the
stomach
, tensile cavity that performs 3
functions
simultaneously:
• gastric Motilidad, assuring the mixed one the foods that gives rise to the formation of quimo. This mechanical action is under the dependency of the parasimpático
nervous
system
.
• Degradation of foods, being responsible the gastric juice that forms from:
• Acid hydrochlorate,
• protective Mucus of the mucosa and.
• Pepsina, proteolytic enzyme.
The secret
stomach
2 ls of gastric juice per day. The secretion is regulated by the nerves vague (order
nervous
) and by the gastrina (hormonal order)
• Storage of foods:
The
stomach
stores foods and
releases
quimo very progressively. The gastric evacuating becomes through píloro, in small amounts. This progressive liberation in the duodeno allows to the
intestine
an
optimal
yield. The gastric evacuation needs
a
total of 5 to 6 hours, depending on the composition of the food.
The
essential
of the digestion takes place in the duodeno and the rest of the
intestine
. The duodeno simultaneously receives the pancreáticos bile and enzymes. Let us see the paper of
each
one of them.
Intestinal
Digestiòn.
• the bile is secretada by the hepatocitos, it is stored in the
biliary
vesicle and it is excreted when the food ingestion takes place. It is constituted essentially by
biliary
salts and
cholesterol
. Its paper is the one of emulsionar greasy, transforming them into micro - drops that are more easily degradables by lipasas pancreáticas and
intestinal
. The bile prepares, this way, the digestion of the greasy bodies.
• On the other hand alkaline his pH neutralizes the acidity of quimo gastric.
• the pancreático juice.
The páncreas are the main
source
of enzymes of the digestion as they are lipasas, colesterolesterasas, glucidasas (amylase) and several proteases: tripsina, quimotripsina carboxipeptidasas, elastasa.
The pancreático juice allows the degradation of the glúcidos ones and the prótidos ones. He is only the able one to degrade fats.
• the
intestinal
juice.
The enterocitos also synthesize enzymes of degradation like glucidasas, proteases and perhaps lipasas.
Let us remember that they produce secretina that triggers the pancreática secretion.
With the digestion one
has
obtained that the complex foods can be absorbed and be assimilated.
Intestinal
absorption.
How takes place this absorption or assimilation?
• the
intestinal
vellosidades.
By its
system
of you fold covered by
a
carpet of
intestinal
vellosidades, the organism increases of considerable way the faying surface of the
intestinal
mucosa with the food. The set of vellosidades - that constitute the absorption organ represents
a
surface of 250 m2. He is widely vascularizado and the cells of coating - enterocitos - is specialized in the absorption
function
.
• the absorption.
The
nutrients
cross the enterocitos. Amino acids and bears are absorbed by the capillaries and follow the route sanguineous (vein carries towards the
liver
)
Fatty acids and glicerol are absorbed, and once in the enterocito they become to recombine forming triglicéridos; these surrounded by proteins form then microscopic drops or quilomicrones that through the lymphatic route reaches the veins and the heart, without happening through the
liver
.
The heavy
intestine
.
Five to six hours after to have produced the ingestion of the food, quimo
intestinal
reaches the heavy
intestine
. The cólico transit lasts 24 hours approximately.
The nonsecret colon no digestive enzyme nevertheless,
has
an important paper in the reabsorción of water and mineral salts. The
dehydration
of quimo produces
a
more consistent
intestinal
content. The hardness of lees depends on the duration of the cólico transit.
The heavy
intestine
is colonized by an important saprófita
bacterial
flora
that it acts on the glucídicos remainders of the digestion causing reactions of fermentation and on the protídicos remainders causing reactions of rotting. Both reactions are accompanied by
a
gas liberation.
Defecación.
It is triggered when the rectal blister is full. The defecación needs the liberation the anal sphincter, constituted partly by fluted
muscular
fibers. It is the only element of the alimentary canal that
has
a
voluntary operation.
The fecal skittle, is compound of food remainders nondigested.
Definition.
The
hepática
insufficiency is
a
very complex alteration that, to practical effects, is translated in difficulties at the time of making the digestion. In many occasions we found that the upheavals of the patient are related to the
biliary
vesicle and not with the
liver
.
Clinical signs.
The
hepática
insufficiency, too much used term, are fitted within the frame of disquinesias
biliary
.
Their symptoms are the following ones:
• digestive Upheavals type dispepsia:
nauseas, swelling, alternancia of diarrea and constipation.
• Dolores "hepáticos" or simple annoyance.
• the migraines Are habitual.
• Sometimes, takes place an nourishing intolerancia with urticaria, prurito, etc.
Treatment.
1. Hygienic -
dietetic
treatment.
• Suprimir the exciting fats, foods and drinks:
alcohol
,
coffee
, spices.
• Evitar the excesses in the feeding:
to eliminate the abundant meals and hiperfagia.
• Eliminar the foods that originate the digestive pains or the reactions of intolerancia.
2. Bases for the tratamento.
The treatment is the same one that in the case of disquinesias
biliary
:
• Drenar the
biliary
routes by means of coleréticos or colagogos.
• Utilizar antispasmodic to fight against the digestive pains.
3.
Fitoterapia
.
Medicinal plants that can be used in the treatment of the
hepática
insufficiency.
Some of the plants could be recommended that already seted out in the treatment of disquinesias
biliary
. Between the coleréticas plants, they have individual interest
Boldo
and Albura de
Tilo
, and within the group of antispasmodic plants, we will use
Melisa
and Milenrama.
Plants adapted for this
disease
.
Boldo
.
Whiteness of
Linden
tree.
Milenrama.
Artichoke
.
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