MENOPAUSE
Disease information
MENOPAUSE
Menopause
.
Definition.
Etimológicamente,
menopause
means definitive disappearance of the rule. Nevertheless, it is not possible to be spoken properly of
menopause
this until it
has
not spent
a
year of amenorrhoea.
Before the arrival of the
menopause
it takes place
a
period
of irregular and less frequent rules: the premenopause or perimenopausia.
Although great variations can take place (between 45 and 60 years) their appearance turns around the 52 years, life expectancy that
was
reached at the end of century XIX At the end of this century, the
menopause
represented
a
key stage in the existence of the woman.
There is no scientific criterion that can make anticipate its appearance: it is generally of familiar and hereditary character. "Of such
mother
, such daughter". Anyway, it does not seem to
depend
on the appearance of the first rule, of the number of pregnancies, nor of the taking of the contraceptive pill.
Fisiologia.
He would be interesting to remember that the
menopause
is not
a
disease
. One is
a
common
physiological process all the women whom
a
stage of its lives marks.
It can go associate to
a
good number of disagreeable symptoms that they can be seen worsened for psychological or sociological reasons. Although the physiological modifications are the same ones in all the women, it agrees to stand out that the annoyances can vary much from
a
case to another one, reason why
has
a
noticeable individual and nonsystematic character.
What happens from the hormonal point of view?
The
normal
menstrual
cycle is divided in two phases:
• follicular Phase.
• luteínica Phase.
During first stage, FSH secretion takes place (folículoestimulante hormone) that favors the
development
of the follicle for their later ovum transformation that is freed towards day 14 of the cycle, agreeing with the increase of LH (luteinizante hormone) It is the moment of the ovulation and the beginning of the second phase of the
menstrual
cycle.
The estrogens are high during the follicular phase under the stimulus of the FSH and descend something during the luteínica phase, during which it increases the concentration of progesterone.
From the hormonal point of view, perimenopausia is characterized by
a
diminution in the progesterone production. The cycles are more and more irregular. With regard to the rule, this one is more and more delayed (espanomenorrea) weaker (hipomenorrea) or more abundant (irregular or continuous hemorrhages) To
each
rule it precedes
a
premenstrual
syndrome
to him.
The
menopause
indicates to the end of the secretion of estrogens giving rise to the
specific
upheavals of the same one.
Clinical signs.
1. Phase of appearance or perimenopausia.
Let us remember that the term of "premenopause" is already in disuse, being used in its place the one of perimenopausia. For that reason, in the present volume we will speak always of perimenopausia.
In general, perimenopausia lasts of 2 to 3 years, and even sometimes up to 8. As we finished seeing, it always goes accompanied of irregularities in the cycle and the rule, as well as of
premenstrual
syndromes. These symptoms can go accompanied of an increase of
weight
.
2. The
menopause
.
The
menopause
is characterized by the disappearance, sometimes brutal, of the rule. Most habitual it is than one takes place of progressive form, throughout several years.
Upheavals related to the hormonal
deficiency
:
• the classic sofocos affect to 1 of
each
2 women. Their heat symptoms, abrupt sensation during some minutes and abundant followed sweats of
a
cold sensation, are annoying, although they are amused with time.
• Dryness of the mucous:
these are more well - known at
genital
level. The lubrication absence can make difficult the
sexual
relations. Before this lack of lubrication, the result is
a
evolution towards the
vaginal
atrophy
.
• neurovegetativos Upheavals:
Palpitaciones, migraines, fatigue, irritability, nervousness,
insomnia
.
•
Osteoporosis
: it is the manifestation of the postmenopáusica bony desmineralización, had to the lack of estrogens that act regulating the osteoclástica action of the PTH (paratohormona) She is asintomática until the appearance of the
fractures
.
• Aterosclerosis:
the hormonal cycles protect the woman of the
cardiovascular
risk. After the
menopause
, the
coronary
and
vascular
risk tends to increase and to worsen with the age. As of this moment, the woman loses her
natural
protection acquiring the same risk of mortality that the man.
Complementary bioquimicos analyses.
The
menopause
is an essentially clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, the concrete hormonal situation by means of the following valuations can be known:
• Estradiol.
• FSH and LH.
• PRL (prolactose)
It agrees to have present that the hormonal state varies much based on the reach of the menopáusico process: in the beginning, an increase of FSH and LH as
a
result of
a
reduction of estradiol and the rest of
sexual
hormones takes place. In the
period
of confirmed
menopause
, frotis
vaginal
presents / displays typical characteristics (round cells with
a
great parabasal nucleus)
Treatment.
Classic treatment.
The classic treatment associates:
to
a
hormonal treatment to restore the balance estro - progestin, own
function
of.
hormones.
b Tonic venous.
Sedative cs and even, sometimes, ansiolíticos.
Fitoterapia
.
Following that same scheme, the
fitoterapia
responds to the objectives of the treatment very well.
The
vegetal
world also tells on compound of related or similar structures esteroideas hormones. Mainly they are of estrogénico type:
Alfalfa
,
Eleuterococo
,
Lúpulo
,
Ginseng
,
Salvia
. Those of type progesterone they are much more little (Zarzaparrilla)
Most of venous tonics they are of
vegetal
origin
:
Cypress
,
Rusco
, Milenrama,
red
Grapevine.
Numerous plants of sedative effect exist:
Hawthorn
to albar,
Poppy
,
Poppy
of
California
,
Pasiflora
,
Valeriana
.
Plants adapted for this
disease
.
Alfalfa
.
Lúpulo
.
Onagra
.
Salvia
.
Cypress
.
Poppy
of
California
.
Zarzaparrilla.
Bamboo
.
Soybean
.
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