LLANTEN
LLANTEN
Greater plantain, plantain lanceolado; al. Breit wegerich;
English
.
Common
plantain (greater, small)
Leaf, aerial parts.
The largest plantain or plantain is
a
common
herbaceous plant with leaves clustered in rosette with
a
blade and petiole entire oval that widens at the base. The flowers of membranous calyx and corolla, are grouped into cylindrical spikes, tight, elongated. Other species are distinguished by the morphology of the leaves, as well as the length and aspect of the axis florífero.
Source
.
The two species mentioned are very
common
throughout Europe and North Africa (
Plantago
lanceolata) as well as in West Asia. It grows mostly in limestone terrain, in
meadows
and along roads.
Chemical composition.
The leaves of
Plantago
major contains sugars, traces of alkaloids and iridoides which are also found in the flowers, acids, phenols and flavonoids. Have also been several osídicos acid esters caféico:
acte
(verbascósido) and plantamósido (plantamajósido =) whose distribution varies depending on the subspecies. The seed contains mucilages and lipids [702] The subspecies
Plantago
lanceolata
has
a
similar composition: iridoides (Aucuba, catalpol, Asperulo) 703] flavonoids (7 - glucosil - apigenol, escutelareína) tannins, triterpenes, acids, phenols, loliólido. and an acid that includes
a
number of mucilage polysaccharide fractions [704]
The Asia - plantain often considered
a
variety of Asian
P
. Major also contains iridoides (Aucuba and derivatives) The polysaccharide from the seeds of this variety is composed of
a
skeleton xylose (SS1? 4) to join in 3 remains arabinogalacturónicos or rabinoglucurónicos. The seed also contains several flavonoids and act.
Pharmacological data.
The species of plantain have
a
bronchodilator, tested in guinea pig. The Aucuba and other iridoides are known for their antimicrobial properties. The same is the verbascósido happens to, which is bacteriostatic (0. 5 mg / ml) compared with Clostridium sporogenesand other acid esters osídicos caféico that present toxic properties compared to micro - phytopathogenic
bacteria
and fungi - 709] It also is the verbascósido
has
shown that, the lipoxygenase inhibitor of white blood cells, reduces the formation of leukotriene B4, as others leukotrienes involved in
allergic
disorders
and inflammatory [710] The hydrophilic mucílagos presented by outsourcing,
a
softener. It
has
been demonstrated that the aqueous extract
has
an interest in the man, in case of
bronchitis
[707]
Employment.
In folk medicine, the anti lantenes are in external use: cataplasms, eye baths, gargarismos (
tracheitis
,
pharyngitis
,
conjunctivitis
,
blepharitis
) The leaves can be used as
a
softener antipruritic in specialty
herbal
indicated in the treatment of skin
disorders
. In some European countries, plantain and their preparations are used in the treatment of
disorders
of the
respiratory
tract (
bronchitis
,
tracheitis
,
allergic
manifestations, etc. Eastern medicine uses
P
. Asian case of
bronchitis
, coughing, fever,
conjunctivitis
and in various
kidney
ailments. The trials of acute and subacute have shown that the road criomolturada not cause any manifestation toxic rat, 2 g / kg, 300 and 900 mg / kg / day, per os)
In Spain authorizing the use of this plant for acute
benign
of the
bronchi
. Treatment of
urinary
tract
infections
.
The drug.
The
Plantago
major
has
a
short underground stem that rises on
a
rosette of leaves in limbo oval, 6 - 8 cm long and 4 - 5 cm wide, it narrows sharply in
a
winged leaf stalk. The blade is wide,
almost
hairless, whole or with slightly sinuous and jagged edges. Presents from 5 to 11 nerves marked, arched, unbranched converging towards the end of the road. The valuation of iridoides in drugs and their preparations can be made by HPLC.
Bibliography.
D
. GROG et
P
. Simcha.
Zur Kenntnis iridoider Pflanzenstoffe.
Pharmazie, 22, 315 - 321, 1967.
H
. RAVN and L. BRIMER.
Structure and antibacterial
activity
of plantamajoside to caffeic.
sugar acid ester from
Plantago
major subsp. major.
Phytochemistry, 27, 3433 - 3437, 1988.
C
. Andary, M.
E
. MOTTE - FLORAC,
A
. GARGADENNEC, R.
WYLDE &
A
. Heitz.
Les esters caféiques du genre
Plantago
. Identification et valeur.
chimiotaxonomique.
Plantes Méd. Phytother. 22, 17 - 22, 1988.
M. S. AHMAD, M.
U
. AHMAD and S. M. OSMAN.
A
new hydroxyolefinic acid from
Plantago
major seed oil.
Phytochemistry, 19, 2137 - 2139, 1980.
A
. BIANCO, M. Guise,
P
. PASSACANTILLI and
A
. FRENCH -
CONI.
Orange
and phenylpropanoid glycosides from new sources.
J. Nat. Prod. 47, 901 - 902, 1984;
M. Brautigam and G. FRANZ.
Structural features of
Plantago
lanceolata mucilage.
Planta Med
. 51, 293 - 297, 1985; see also id, Schleim -
polysaccharide aus Spitwegerichblättern, Dtsch. Apoth. Ztg.
125, 58 - 62, 1985.
H
. Oshi and
H
. INOUE.
Two new Iride glucosidase of
Plantago
asiatica.
Planta Med
. 44, 204 - 206, 1982.
M. Tomoda, N. SHIMIZU,
K
. SHIMA, R. Gonda and
H
.
SAKAB.
Plant mucilages XXXIV. The location of O - acetyl groups and.
the structural features of
Plantago
mucilage
A
, the poly - Mucous.
SACCHARIDE from the seeds of
Plantago
major var. asiatica.
Chem. Pharm. Bull. 32, 2182 - 2186, 1984.
A
. KOICHEV, M. MARKOV and I. ANGELOVA.
Pharmacologic clinical study of
a
preparation from
Plantago
.
major.
Probl. Pneumol. Ftiziatr. 10, 68 - 74, 1982 (in Russian, summary.
English
)
K
. Ishiguro, M. YAMAKI and S. TAMAGI.
Studies on the
Orange
related compounds. I. On the antiobiotic.
BIAL aucubigenin and
activity
of certain Iride aglycones.
Yakugaku Zasshi, 102, 755 - 759, 1982.
L. DEBRAUWER,
C
. MAILLARD,
A
. BABADJAMIAN,
E
. VI -
DAL - OLLIVIER, M. LAGET, G.
Salmon
and Z. Afzal - Raffi.
Study in the chemical constituents of
Plantago
cynops L. and.
antibacterial avaluation of verbascoside.
Pharm. Helv record. 6, 184 - 187, 1989.
H
. RAVN,
C
. Andary, G. KOVACS and
P
. MDLGAARD.
Caffeic acid esters as inhibitors in vitro of plant - pathogenic
bacteria
.
teria and fungi.
Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 17, 175 - 184, 1989; see also: Y. SHO -
YAMA, M. MATSUMOTO et I. Nishioka, Four caffeoyl glyco -
callus
tissue from sides of Rehmannia
glutinosa
, Phytoche -
Mistry, 25, 1633 - 1636, 1986.
Y. KIMURA,
H
. OKUDA, S. NISHIBE and S. ARICHI.
Effects of caffeoylglycosides on metabolism in ARACHIDONATE.
Leukocyte.
Planta Med
. 53, 148 - 153, 1987; on the other properties.
Pharmacological the esters of caffeic acid, see:
C
.
Andary, Activité pharmacologique of certain esters of the ACI -
3. 4 - dihydroxycinnamique, Bull. Liaison Groupe - Polyphase.
nols, 11, 544 - 553, 1982.
H
. MIETHING, W. HOLZ and R. Hansel.
HPLC - Aucubin in Gehaltsbestimmung von und Zube - Drugs.
reitungen.
Pharm. Ztg. 131, 746 - 747, 1986.
tires
, docier toxicological
Laboratories
Arkopharma
.
Diseases
whose treatment is appropriate in this plant.
Rhinitis
.
Sinusitis
.
Asma.
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