VID RED
VITIS VINIFERA L. (VARIEDADES TINCTORIA)
VID RED
VITIS VINIFERA L. (VARIEDADES TINCTORIA)
Grapes
; al. Weinstock;
English
. Grapevine.
Sheet.
Species opositifoliares woody climber with tendrils, leaves and pat with stipules obsolete
cotton
buds, they can have hair or be glabrous. The vine
has
grown hermaphrodite inflorescences with flowers, green, 5 - mere with petals soldiers in caliptra
expires
.
Source
.
There is
a
large number of plantations Vitis ("strains") In
autumn
, some of them
change
the color of their leaves to
red
: either completely, the strains calls "blue" (Alicante Bouschet, Gamay colorants. either partial ("Merlot Noir, " some "Cabernets")
Chemical composition.
The importance of wine
has
become the subject of considerable work on their fruit,
though
the composition of the road is known only in part. Well have been described:
organic
acids, dare and
vitamin
C
. Polyphenols, including anthocyanins strains of blue sharks, are supporting the biological
activity
.
• The polyphenols are represented by acidic phenols: monocafeil - tartaric acid, chlorogenic acid, etc. sometimes accompanied by benzoic acids and aldehydes, flavonoids: 3 glycosides in quercetol, kenferol and miricetol, hydrolysable tannins, esters of glucose and gallic acid and hexahidroxidifénico (brevilagina, vitilagina, isovitilagina) 354] and condensed tannins (oligomers of delfinidol and cianidol) 355]
• anthocyanins are in the
red
leaves of different varieties from start to
mature
. Its content, maximum when the
grapes
are ripe, descends rapidly. For one
strain
blue (Gamay Fréaux) this content reaches 29 mg / g. Qualitatively, the composition differs from that of the
grapes
, mainly glycosides in 3 paeonidol, cianidol, malvidol and delfinidol. Acetylated derivatives for were found in smaller quantities. The anthocyanin profile is determined genetically. 358b]
Pharmacological data.
Its biological properties are manifested at the level of the
circulatory
system
, particularly the capillaries.
• The
activity
angioprotectora of anthocyanins (decrease in the permeability of the capillaries and increase its resistance)
has
been demonstrated in rats (iv) To explain the rise of the resistance,
has
been referred to various mechanisms: action on the COMT on the histidine decarboxylase, proteases (antitrípsica
activity
and antielastásica) The decrease in the permeability appears to be due to
a
stabilization of collagen.
Vitis vinifera is also used by proantocianidoles present in
grapes
(especially in seeds) These molecules, as the corresponding monomers, stabilize collagen by forming links with him, and inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme: angioprotectora its action is accompanied by
a
slight antihipertensora
activity
.
Observations on the Man.
Although the drug does not appear to have been subjected to clinical studies, anthocyanins that have attracted much work.
Employment.
In the absence of clinical trials, the activities have traditionally recognized allows the drug to use in demonstrations subjective venous insufficiency, such as treatment of functional
disorders
of the skin capillary fragility (bruises, petechiae, etc. as well as
hemorrhoid
symptoms. The flavánicos oligomers have the same details.
The anthocyanins are part of the composition of specialties for oral administration, proposals for the symptomatic treatment of
disorders
and capilarosis
retinal
capillaries of various etiologies. The toxicity of these heterósidos is invalid. The drug spray of
red
grapes
did not cause any toxic event, as
has
been demonstrated in acute toxicity tests (5 g / kg, mouse, per os) and subacute (300 and 600 mg / kg / day, rat, per os)
In Spain authorizing the use of this plant in the venous circulation
disorders
such as
premenstrual
syndrome
,
menopause
,
hemorrhoids
, varicose veins.
The drug.
The leaf vine is
almost
always simple and palms. His nervación is formed by five major nerves that are born in the petiole. To accurately characterize the strains and hybrids: size and hairiness of the leaf blade, jagged edges, shape and depth of the
lateral
sinus and peciolar. some measures have been developed so - called "ampelométricas". There are no rules defining the strains or to be used, so does the chemical qualitative and quantitative criteria to be respected. The valuation and the separation of the active ingredients can be performed by HPLC, as well as research of pesticide residues. Because of the uneven quality of the products currently on the market, this control is of great interest.
Bibliography.
P
. Galeta.
Précis d'ampélographie practice.
5ème ed.
P
. Galeta, Montpellier, 1985 (Ch. Dehan Imprimeur)
O. BACHMANN.
Flavonoids Phenolcarbonsäuren von Verbreitung und bei Vitaceen.
Vitis, 17, 234 - 257, 1978.
E
. REVILLA, J. J. MATAIX and O. Carpena.
The phenolic compounds C6 and C6 - C1 - C3 from the leaf of the vine (Vitis vinifera L. and Airén Cencibel during the
development
of the fruit.
Rev. Agrochimica. Tecnol.
Aliment
. 26, 234 - 238, 1986; see also about the flavonoiE. REVILLA, J. J. MATAIX and O. Carpena.
The phenolic compounds C6 and C6 - C1 - C3 of the road
d
.
C
. KARL, G. MÜLLER and
P
.
A
. PEDERSEN.
Ellagitannine aus den Blättern von Vitis vinifera.
Z. Naturforschung. 38C, 13 - 16, 1983.
G. Darna and Y. GLORIES.
Anthocyane des Les feuilles of different varieties of Vitis vinifera L. between véraison des Raisins et la chute des feuilles.
Vitis, 27, 71 - 78, 1988.
K
. WENZEL,
H
.
H
. Dittrich and M. HEIMFARTH.
Anthocyane Die Zusammensetzung der in den Beere verschiedene Rebsorten.
Vitis, 26, 65 - 78, 1987.
G. Darna.
a
) The composition anthocyanique des feuilles green,
red
and jaunes of Vitis vinifera L. var. Merlot noir at different stages of the annual cycle.
Connaissance Vigne Vin, 21, 289 - 294, 1987.
b) Peut - on envisaged to distinguish them espèces du G. Darna.
a
) The composition anthocyanique des feuilles green,
red
and jaunes Vi.
M. JONADET, M.
T
. MEUNIER, J. and
P
. BASTIDE.
Anthocyanosides extracts of Vitis vinifera, of Vaccinium myrtillus and Pinus maritimus. I. Inhibitrices activities vis - à - vis de l'elastase in vitro. II. Activities angioprotectrices compared in vivo.
J. Pharm. BM. JONADET, M.
T
. MEUNIER.
M. BOURZEIX, M. Clarens and N. HEREDIA.
Les procyanidols of Grappe of Raisins et du vin.
Bull. Liaison group polyphénols, 13, 403 - 411, 1986.
J. Masquelier, M.
C
. Dumon and J. DUMAS.
Stabilization du collagene par les oligomers procyanidoliques.
Therapeutic Act, 7, 101 - 105, 1981, on the properties of monomers, see: MC RONZIERE,
D
. HERBAGE, R. Garrone and J. FREY, Influence of some flavJ. Masquelier, M.
C
. Dumon and J. DUMAS.
Stabilization du collagene par les oligomers procyanid.
M.
T
. MEUNIER,
F
. VILLIE, M. JONADET, J. BASTIDE and
P
. BASTIDE.
Inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme by flavanolic compounds: in vitro and in vivo studies.
Planta Med
. 53, 12 - 15, 1987.
G. Darna and J. MADERO - Tamargo.
Mise au point d'une des lipid extraction method Soluble totaux des soluble carbohydrate totaux et des composés phénoliques soluble totaux des organs of the Vigne.
Vitis, 18, 221 - 228, 1979.
a
) J.
P
. Roggero, S. COEN and B. RAGONNET.
High Performance
Liquid
Chromatography survey on changes in pigment content ripening
grapes
of Syrah. An earlier approach to thocyanin metabolism.
Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 37, 77 - 83, 1986.
b)
E
. HEBRERO,
C
.
SANTOS
- BUE (
a
) J.
P
. Roggero, S. COEN and B. RAGONNET.
High Performance
Liquid
Chromatography survey on changes in pigment content ripening
grapes
of Syrah. An earlier approach to thocyanin metabolism.
Am. J. Enol. V.
J. LAPARRA and G. Darna.
La feuille de Vigne rouge in phytothérapie:
étude des composés anthocyanique few Présentations pharmaceutiques.
Plantes Méd. Phytother. 23, 129 - 135, 1989.
Vigne rouge, toxicologique dossier. Travaux des Laboratoires
Arkopharma
.
O. BACHMANN and R. BLAICH.
Vorommen und Eigenschaften kondensierter Tannine in Vitaceen.
Vitis, 18, 106 - 116, 1979.
Diseases
whose treatment is appropriate in this plant.
Iinsuficiencia
venous.
Varices
.
Hemorrhoids
.
Premenstrual syndrome
.
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