MATRICARIA
MATRICARIA
Matricaria
, Great camomile;
English
.
Feverfew
, Midsummerdaisy.
Parties Air.
Perennial herb stems, branches and leaves with soft pinnatisectas very fragrant. The
T
. parthenium (= Chrysanthemum parthenium Bernh. is characterized by
a
dense curds terminal of heterogeneous Chapters 5 - 30 to open in July - August.
Source
.
It is
a
plant widespread in the Balkans. It
was
introduced in the British Isles and then in continental Europe, where he
has
adapted easily. Nitrophilous, grows near the houses, along walls and in the rubble wet.
Chemical composition.
The parts of plant are rich in substances derived from the metabolism of mevalonic acid: esters derived from monoterpenes bicíclicos Piñana and bornano, Sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (germacrene
D
, ß - Farnesene. costata methacrylate. It also contains esters enol espirocetálicos poliínicos (predominant in the organs of the underground plant)
The activities observed in vitro are due to the presence of lactones Sesquiterpenes which are wholly - methylene butyrolactone. The content
ranges
from 0. 1 to 0. 5%. The main component is
a
germacranólido, the partenólidothat appears accompanied by similar derivatives (artemorina, costunólido) and mono guayanólidos and diepóxidos (canine, artecanino) endoperoxide and derivatives formed by opening (dry - tanapartanólidos
A
and B) Have been discovered guayanólidos chlorinated possibly [269]
Pharmacological data.
Given that the
Matricaria
is traditionally used for their purposes antimigrañosos, research
has
been directed towards the study of their properties in vitro on platelets: we know with certainty that
migraine
is linked to abnormalities of platelet
function
. The extract of the drug inhibits platelet aggregationby inhibition of phospholipase A2and, more precisely, by the action at the level of the
protein
kinase -
C
[271] It inhibits the
release
of serotonin caused by the ADP or adrenaline [273] and the desgranulación of granulocytes. The division shows that the extract
a
- Methylene butyrolactone are responsible for this
activity
[267] the exo methylene of these lactones should join (Michaël reaction) to the thiols of the
protein
enzyme involved in the mechanisms of aggregation and therefore desgranulación the addition of cysteine to extracts of
Tanacetum
antisecretory neutralizes the effects of these on the thrombocytes [272] The aqueous extract of the plant disrupt the two
metabolic
pathways of arachidonic acid in rat leukocytes in vitro [274] Its effects on the mechanism of platelet arachidonic acid is complex [272] Extracts of drugs and in vitro
development
partenólido marked cytotoxic properties [275]
Observations on the Man.
Following the interest generated by
a
survey conducted with
a
hundred regular users,
a
double - blind clinical study with capsules of
T
. parthenium pulverized in
a
limited population of patients previously treated with this drug. The results of this study suggest that the drug is
a
good prophylactic treatment of the crisis migrañosa: the frequency and severity of the
disorders
are not increasing in the treated group, however, do in the group receiving the placebo. Although some methodological points of this trial have been criticizedthe therapeutic potential of this drug and its components is very indicative if one takes into account that
was
confirmed in
a
double - blind clinical trial conducted with 72 volunteers [276b]
Precautions.
Risk of ulceration in the oral mucosa and in the
language
with the consumption of fresh plant.
Employment.
There are no known signs of acute toxicity. Both as
a
guinea pig, rat, the consumption of doses 100 times higher than the doses equivalent to those consumed by humans does not produce any toxic manifestation.
The survey cited above, reveals
a
frequency not negligible (17. 9%) of side effects: mouth ulcers, abdominal pain. In the absence of more comprehensive studies, the most prudent course is to avoid the use of drugs by people who
develop
allergies
to Asteraceae with lactones, as well as from pregnant women (it might be Oxytocics; the teratogenic risk
has
never been evaluated) You should also avoid consumption during long periods of uninterrupted.
In Spain authorizing the use of this plant for the treatment of fever and
headache
, especially in cases of
migraine
(
headaches
) as it prevents the occurrence of
headache
and intensity of the same.
He is credited with
a
regulatory effect of
menstruation
and treatment of
dental
and
stomach
aches.
The drug.
The leaves of the base, long petiolated are pinnatisectas in 3 - 7 pairs of oblong elliptical segments, in turn subdivided into lobes cut or whole. The leaves at the top, cutting petiolated, are less clearly divided. Presents chapters 12 to 22 mm in diameter, with an involvement of bracts lacinia with reaming narrow margins. Liguladas
female
flowers of white, with ligules of 2 - 7 mm,
yellow
florets, hermaphroditic. The achenes have
a
Pappus (Vilan) short in the form of irregularly lobed crown. One can distinguish
T
. parthenium of species observed near the trichomes not secreting pluricellular and uniseriate present in the fragments of skin. The analysis of the lactones can be accomplished by CCF Sesquiterpenes You can also take its valuation by infrared spectrometry,
a
very reliable method.
Bibliography.
V.
H
. Heywood.
Tanacetum
. In:
Flora
Europaea,
T
. G. Tutin, V.
H
. Heywood, N.
A
. BURGOS,
D
. M. MOORE,
D
.
H
. VALENTINE, S. M. Et
D
. WALTERS
A
. WEBB, eds. Cambridge University Press, vol 4,
p
. 169 - 171, 1976.
M. I. BERRY.
Feverfew
faces the
future
.
Pharm. J. 232, 611 - 614, 1984; about the
essential
oil See:
H
. L. DE Poot, J. VERMEESCH and N. M. Schamp. The
essential
oils of
Tanacetum
vulgare
L. and
Tanacetum
parthenium (L. Schultz Bip. J. Ess. Oil Res. 1, M. I. BERRY.
F
. BOHLMANN and
C
. ZDERO.
Sesquiterpenes lactones and other constituents from
Tanacetum
parthemium.
Phytochemistry, 21, 2543 - 2549, 1982.
W.
A
. GROENEWEG,
D
. W. KNIGHT, S. HEPTINSTALL.
Compounds extracted from
Feverfew
that have anti - secretory
activity
contain an
a
- methylene - butyrolactone unit.
J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 38, 709 - 712, 1986; see also: MJ Begley, M. J. HEWLETT and
D
. W. KNIGHTW.
A
. GROENEWEG,
D
. W. KNIGHT, S. HEPTINSTALL.
Compounds extracted from
Feverfew
that have anti - secretory activ.
P
. Hylands.
Prophylactic Treatment of
Migraine
with
Feverfew
.
Pharmacy Update, 07 - 08) 272 - 276, 1986.
H
. WAGNER, B. Fessler,
H
. LOTTO V. and WRAY.
New
chlorine
- containing lactones Sesquiterpenes from Chrysanthemum parthenium.
Planta Med
. 54, 171 - 172, 1988.
E
. HANINGTON, R. J. JONES, J.
A
. L. AMESS and J. R.
A
. Wachowicz.
Migraine
:
a
platelet
disorder
.
Lancet, 2, 720 - 723, 1981.
S. HEPTINSTALL,
A
. WHITE, L. WILLIAMSON and J. R.
A
. MITCHELL.
Extracts of
Feverfew
INHIBIT pelleting secretion in blood platelets and polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
Lancet, 1, 1071 - 1074, 1985; see also on this hypothesis, the work of B. Fessler, S. HEPTINSTALL,
A
. WHITE, L. WILLIAMSON and J. R.
A
. MITCHELL.
Extracts of
Feverfew
INHIBIT pelleting secretion in blood platelets and polymorphonucleaS. HEPTINSTALL, W.
A
. GROENEWEG,
P
. Spangenberg and W. Loesch.
Extracts of
Feverfew
may INHIBIT platelet behavior via neutralization of sulphydryl groups.
J. Pharm Pharmacol. 39, 459 - 465, 1987.
F
. Capasso.
The effect of an aqueous extract of
Feverfew
L. on arachidonic acid metabolism by Peritoneal Rat leucocytes.
J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 38, 71 - 72, 1986.
A
. N. MAKHEJA and J. M. BAILEY.
Phospholipase
A
platelet inhibitor from the medicinal herb
Feverfew
(
Feverfew
)
Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Med. 8, 653 - 660, 1982.
L.
A
. J. O'NEILL, M. L. BARRETT and G.
P
. LEWIS.
Extracts of feferfew INHIBIT mitogen - induced human
peripheral
blood mononuclear cell proliferation and cytokine mediated responses:
a
cytotoxic effect.
Br. J. clin. Pharmacol. 23, 81 - 83, 1987.
a
)
E
. S. JOHNSON, N.
P
. Kadam,
D
. M. Hylands and
P
. J. Hylands.
Efficacy of
Feverfew
as prophylactic treatment of
Migraine
.
Br. Med. J. 291, 569 - 573, 1985.
b) J. J. MURPHY, S. HEPTINSTALL and J. R.
A
. MITCHELL.
Randomized double - blind placebo - controlled (
a
)
E
. S. JOHNSON, N.
P
. Kadam,
D
. M. Hylands and
P
. J. Hylands.
Effic.
J.
C
. BARON.
Le Chrysanthème peut - il prevent the
Migraine
?
Concours Med. 109, 264, 1987.
C
.
A
. BALDWIN, L.
A
.
ANDERSON
and J.
D
. Phillipson.
What pharmacists should know about
Feverfew
.
Pharm. J. 235 - 238, 1987.
Diseases
whose treatment is appropriate in this plant.
Migraine
.
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