yarrow
yarrow
Achilles
yarrow
; al. Gemeiner Schafgarbe;
English
.
Yarrow
.
Suminidad
florida
.
Achillea
millefolium
L. strict sense is
a
polymorphous species belonging to the section
millefolium
(Adans. Koch. and characterized by strands of white or pink flowers. They differ most recent 3 subspecies:
millefolium
, ceretanum Sennen (= monticola
A
.
Martin
- Donoso) and alpestris (Wimm. and Grab. Gremli (sudetica = (Opiz) Weiss)
Source
.
Cosmopolitan, less
common
in the Mediterranean area, this species of
grassland
and edges of the roads that resists different ecological conditions importantly influence on their morphology. Its easy hybridization, its the aneuploide introgression and leads to multiply the phenotypes of transition, making their identification difficult.
Chemical composition.
The chemical composition of the drug
has
been studied for
a
long time,
but
probably is that the published results, at least the oldest non - covering
A
.
millefolium
strict sense,
but
rather to
A
.
millefolium
widely.
It
has
been described poliínas (ponticaepóxido) acids, phenols, nitrogen compounds (estaquidrina, hill. The amides poliénicas are concentrated mainly in the underground parts. Have been several isolated lactones Sesquiterpenes: 2, 3 - dehydro - desacetoximatricina, leucodina, aquilicina, milefina, acetilbalcanólido.
•
Essential
oil. Its blue color is due to the presence of azulenes. However, it is recognized that the presence of azulenes is typical of the tetraploids (2n = 36) absent (with rare exceptions) in the hexaploid (2n = 54) According to the karyotype, the main components are pinene and Caryophyllene (
essential
oil with azulenes) and
camphor
, sabineno and cineol (
essential
oil without azulenes) It seems therefore, as indicated Lamaison and Carnat - that the rules of the French Pharmacopoeia have been established from tetraploids as
A
. Collin Beck [298. 299]
• Flavonoids. Regardless of the degree of ploidea, these pigments are represented by flavones and flavonols methoxyl at 6. In
A
.
millefolium
strict sense subspecies have the same profile in Genina di - and trimetiladas,
but
not in heterósidos 304.
Pharmacological data.
The anti
- inflammatory
activity
traditionally recognized in the drug is given, of course, the presence of azulenes. In the case of hexaploid, others to be found liable, could be the flavonoids of their properties are known antiphlogistic. The same applies to the properties seen in spasmolytic animals. The hemostatic
activity
,
has
been
transmitted
by tradition.
Observations on the Man.
There seems to have been carried out clinical trials in humans. Former works relate the beneficial effect of the drug.
Employment.
Traditionally, the flowering tops are used to relieve symptoms of digestive
disorders
usually minor (digestions difficult,
flatulence
) and the painful component of the espasmódicas
colitis
. Some works are defending their use of
herbal
medicine in the treatment of varicose
disease
. Folk medicine attributed to the drug properties vasoconstriction, decongestants, astringent and healing, hence it is used in the treatment of
hemorrhoids
. The evidence of acute and subacute conducted, showed that the drug spray the tops of
florida
not cause any toxic manifestation.
The drug.
The stems, rigid, branched inflorescences level, sometimes reddish in some areas, have
sessile
leaves, and cut hair too.
Each
element leaf ends in
a
sharp tip. The chapters are grouped into curds and are surrounded by bracts membranous covering of brownish that as
tiles
. The microscopic examination of the cuts stem and leaf (which presents TECTOR hairs stand multicellular uniseriate and single - cell elongated head) must be completed by the valuation of the
essential
oil (minimum required by the Pharmacopoeia: 0. 3% V / m) and through its analysis by TLC to reveal the presence of chamazulenos. In France, only
A
. m. ssp. alpestris (Wimm. and Grab) = Gremli ssp. sudetica (Opiz) Weiss (hexaploid) can respond to this rule.
Bibliography.
I. B.
K
. RICHARDSON.
Achillea
. In:
Flora
Europaea,
T
. G. Tutin, V.
H
. Heywood, N.
A
. BURGOS,
D
. M. MOORE,
D
.
H
. VALENTINA, S. M. WALTERS and
D
.
A
. WEBB, eds. Cambidge, University Press, vol. 4,
p
. 159 - 165, 1976.
J. L. LAMAISON and
A
.
P
. CARNAT.
Recherche d'azulenes chez les trois sous - espèces d'Achillea
millefolium
L.
Ann. Pharm. Fr. 46, 139 - 143, 1988.
K
. M. VALANT - VETSCHERA and
E
. Wollenweber.
Leaf flavonoids of the
Achillea
millefolium
group. Part II: distribution patterns of free aglycones in leaf exsudates.
Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 16, 605 - 614, 1988.
R.
F
. CHANDLER, s. n. HOOP and M. J. HARVEY.
Ethnobotany and Phytochemistry of
Yarrow
,
Achillea
millefollium, Compositae.
Econ. Bot. 36, 203 - 223, 1982.
H
. Greg and O. HOFER.
Accumulation of polyenoic acid piperideides, chemical characteristic trend of
Achillea
millefollium.
Planta Med
. 55, 216, 1989.
C
. Banh - Nhu,
E
. GACS - Baitz, L. Radics, J. TAMAS,
K
. UJSZASZI and G. Verze - PETRI.
Achillicin, the first proazulene from
Achillea
millefolium
.
Phytochemistry, 18, 331 - 332, 1979.
a
)
A
. J. FALK, L. BAUER,
C
. L. BELL and S. J. Smolenski.
The constituents of the
essential
oil from
Achillea
millefolium
.
Lloydia, 37, 598 - 602, 1974.
b) M. Y. Haggag,
A
. S. SHALABY and G. Verze - PETRI.
Thin layer and gas cromatographic studies on the
essentia
(
a
) AJ FALK, L. BAUER,
C
. L. BELL and S. J. Smolenski.
The const.
A
. S. SHALABY and G. Verze - PETRI.
Cytological condictions and composition of
essential
oil of the Hungarian milefolii herba.
Plant. Med. 36, 291, 1979.
G. Verze - PETRI, B. N. Cuong, J. TAMAS, L. Radics and
K
. UJSZASZI.
The main azulenogenous Sesquiterpenes lactons of
Achillea
millefolium
L. ssp. Collina as compounds in the plant kingdom.
Planta Med
. 36, 273 - 274, 1979.
A
. J. FALK, S. J. Smolenski, L. BAUER and
C
. L. BEL.
Isolation and identification of three new flavones from
Achillea
millefolium
L.
J. Pharm. Sci. 64, 1838 - 1842, 1975.
M. J. ALCARAZ and M. J. JIMENEZ.
Flavonoids as anti - inflammatory agents.
Phytotherapy, 49, 25 - 38, 1988.
Ministry of
Social
Affairs and Employment.
Specialty pharmaceuticals,
herbal
. Avis aux manufacturers concernant les demandes d'autorisation of mise sur le marché.
Official Bulletin, fasc. No 86 / 20 bis, August 1986.
A
. Preitschopf, B. Michler and
C
. G. ARNOLD.
Achillea millefolium
: occurrence, ploidal level, and proazulene variation.
Planta Med
. 55, 596, 1989.
K
. VALANT.
Charakteristische Flavonoidglykoside und der Gattung
Achillea
verwandtschaftliche Bliederung Naturwissenschaften, 65, 437 - 438, 1978.
Millefeuille, toxicologique dossier. Travaux des Laboratoires
Arkopharma
.
Diseases
whose treatment is appropriate in this plant.
Migraine
.
Dysmenorrhea
.
Dyspepsia
.
Gastritis
.
Irritable bowel
/
colitis spasmodic
.
Dyskinesias bile.
Liver
failure
.
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