OLIVE
OLIVE
Olivo
; al. Oelbaum;
English
.
Olive
- tree.
Sheet.
Sinuous tree trunk, leaves opposite, persistent, whole and coriaceous. Flowers actinomorphic with perianth tetramer and ovoid fruit drupa in bone - hard monoseminado, which contains mesocarp (when ripe) 50% lipids.
Source
.
The
olive
tree, for some "symbol fitoclimáticas
position
eumediterráneas of" unknown status in
spontaneous
. It is believed that began grown in Syria, Palestine: plants that have spontaneously returned to their state have given rise to different taxa, particularly the oleastro.
Chemical composition.
The
olive
leaf contains minerals (
calcium
) neutral lipids, and
phospho
glucolípidos, triterpenes (oleanólico acid and its derivative 2 -
a
hydroxylated) flavonoids (rutoside, monkey gods and flavones) The presence of alkaloids
has
yet to be confirmed.
The
activity
of the drug is related to the heterósidos of Genina heterocyclic: the secoiridoides. These, and in particular the secologanósido - its precursor, just keep the cycle pyran kernel cyclopentapyran iridoides the strict sense. The compound oleuropeósido - Main - group is the diester in methanol (11) and 3, 4 - dihydroxy Phenethyl (7) of oleósido, glucoside secoiridoide dicarboxylic. Appears accompanied by dimethyl - oleuropeósido, dimethyl ester oleósido and ligstrósido (4 - hydroxy ester - Phenethyl) Have been isolated from aldehyde not heterosídicos. It
has
published the structure of oleurósido, ester dihydroxy - 3, 4 Phenethyl of dry - logan [309]
Pharmacological data.
The hypotensive action of
tea
or leaves decoctions based on
olive
were first confirmed in humans and later in dog and rat. In 1972, Petkov et al. showed that the oleuropeósido, administered iv the dog
hypertension
, causes
a
significant and prolonged decline in blood pressure. Both this compound as an extract of leaves, administered orally, in normotensive and hypertensive rats, are involved antihipertensora and
glaucoma
. On the other hand, the oleuropeósido increases
coronary
flow and left intraventricular pressure on the isolated rabbit heart.
The oleuropeósido is also spasmolytic:
in the
stomach
of rats, the oleuropeósido antagonized in
a
non - competitive action contracturante cumulative dose of acetylcholine in the fundus of the
stomach
of rats. It is
a
receptor antagonist of PGE2.
Other activities have been identified as yet unproven scientifically: action on blood glucose, hyperthermia, urine output. Recently, it
was
attributed antiulcer properties related to the presence of acid oleanólico. This, and its salts are orally active.
Observations on the Man.
Most of the comments in the press are old:
they may include those of Mazet (1938) who asserts that the long - term treatment with
a
decoction of leaves, previously stabilized, leading to
a
normalization of blood pressure. Other studiescome to similar conclusions.
A
preliminary study
has
shown that the drug spray adimistrada
a
dose of 1 or 2 g / day lowers
cholesterol
significantly, from 15 - day variation with
a
favorable lipoprotein (LDL
cholesterol
reduction and increased HDL)
Employment.
A
former study, very partial, mentions the absence of acute toxicity of total extract of the leaves of
olive
administered to guinea pig. Recent work
has
also demonstrated the safety of the oleuropeósido. Its traditional use as febrífugo
has
been abandoned by the phytotherapeutic, those who defend the properties hypotensive confirmed in animal treatment of
disorders
associated with
hypertension
, prevention of
atherosclerosis
. The forms are used infusion, the extract of leaves of nebulized stabilized, dust sheets criomolido. There have been no cases of contraindications. Tests have shown the drug spray the absence of acute and subacute toxicity in rat.
In Spain authorizing the use of this plant for mild
circulatory
disorders
. Adjunct in the treatment of
hypertension
. Diuretic.
The drug.
The
Olive
Leaf is simple, subsessile, lanceolate (3 - 5 x 1 - 1. 5 cm) hard edges are rolled on drying. The top surface of the blade is gray green, the bottom is covered with fine hairs that flow easily with the friction and give it
a
soft, whitish appearance. Observed under
a
microscope, the two are very cutinizadas epidermis: the lower epidermis is covered with trichomes Pelto with cells, arranged radially around
a
central
foot. The test includes physical - chemical characterization of acid oleanólico in an ether extract and an analysis by CCF maceration ethanolic
a
. It
has
been developed by analyzing high - performance
liquid
chromatography of oleuropeósido and other compoundspresent in the fruit.
Bibliography.
A
. Lawalree.
Ligustrales. In:
Encyclopaedia Universalis, Paris, 9, 1019 - 1021, 1979.
B. Harborne and
P
. S. GREEN.
A
chemotaxonomic survey of flavonoids in leaves of the Oleaceae.
Bot. J. of the Linnean Soc. 81, 155 - 167, 1980.
P
. Gariboldi, G. JOMMI and L. VEROTTA.
Secoiridoids from Olea europaea.
Phytochemistry, 25, 865 - 869, 1986.
H
. KUWAJIMA,
T
. UEMURA,
K
. TAKAISHI,
K
, and
H
. INOUE INOUE.
A
secoiridoid GLUCOSIDE from Olea europaea.
Phytochemistry, 27, 1757 - 1759, 1988.
G. COMBES and
A
. Escaut.
Nouveau comes from preparing an extract of feuilles d'Olea europaea rich Oleuropein, products obtained, by way of Application médicaments et les compositions renfermant.
Brevet d'invention français No 81 - 11 606; 12 - 06 - 1981) G. COMBES and
A
. Escaut.
New procedures.
B. Lasserre, R. KAISER,
P
.
H
. Chanh, N. IFANSIYAH, J. Gley and
C
. MOULIS.
Effects on rats of aqueous extracts of plants used in folk medicine as antihypertensive agents.
Naturwissenschaften, 70, 95 - 96, 1983.
R.
A
. RIBEIRO, M. M. R. FIUZA DE MELO,
F
. DE BARROS,
C
. GOMES and G. TROLIN.
Conscious Acute antihypertensive effect in rats produced by some medicinal plants used in the state of Sao Paulo.
J. of Ethnopharmacology, 15, 261 - 269, 1986.
Brevet d'invention européen No 93 250, 1983 cited by
C
. MEUNIER, La feuille d'olivier, Olea europaea L, Thèse of Doctorat in Pharmacie, Diplôme d'Etat) Paris IX, 1986.
J. PELLECUER.
L'Olivier, Olea europaea L. Oléacées) Medicinal plants d'actualité.
Act. Pharm. 215) 27 - 30, 1984.
D
. WEBER.
Contribution à l'étude de l'action of the antihypertensive feuille d'olivier: l'Oleuropein, Prince antihypertenseur assets. Thèse de l'Universite de Montpellier, Mention Pharmacie) Montpellier, 1983.
Pharmacopée française, X ed.
V. PETKOV and
P
. MANOLOV.
Pharmacological analysis of the
Orange
County oleuropeine.
Arzneim. Forsch. 22, 1476 - 1486, 1972.
M. J. AMIOT,
A
. FLEURIET and J. J. MACHEIX.
Importance and evolution of Phenolic compounds in
olive
during growth and maturing.
J. Agric. Food Chem. 34, 823 - 826, 1986.
N. IFANSYAH.
Phytochimiques Recherches sur les principes et pharmacologiques active in plants used as traditional medicine in antihypertenseurs. Doctoral Thesis of the third cycle ès Sciences pharmaceutiques, Toulouse, 1982.
Olivier, toxicologique dossier, Travaux des Laboratoires
Arkopharma
.
Diseases
whose treatment is appropriate in this plant.
Moderate essential hypertension
.
Cerebral
circulatory
failure
.
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