Hypothyroidism
Disease information
Hypothyroidism
Hipotiroidismo.
The tiroidea gland produces tiroideas hormones under the control of the pituitaria gland in the brain.
The tiroideas hormones are
essential
for the body in the oxygen consumption on the part of the cells and in the
protein
synthesis.
They are those that regulate the metabolism (
energy
consumption) corporal.
Hipotiroidismo to the condition is denominated in which the tiroidea gland produces less tiroidea hormone of the necessary one.
It affects both sexes
but
it is commonest between the women.
Complications.
Excessive gain of
weight
.
Infertility
.
Comma mixedematoso (when the
deficit
is so great that the organism cannot work, is
a
medical emergency and can be mortal)
Increase of the susceptibility in the
infection
.
Adrenalin crisis with strong treatments of hipotiroidismo.
Prognosis.
Normally curable with
a
therapy to prevent of I replace of the
thyroid
, that will have to be life.
Prevention.
Measures for the prevention are not known the hipotiroidismo.
However, the iodized salts prevent the
goiter
and the hipotiroidismo in the mountainous zones.
Diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnosis.
Analysis of blood of laboratory of tiroideas hormones.
The laboratory analyses can confirm the hipotiroidismo diagnosis
but
they do not indicate the necessary duration of the therapy of I replace.
Treatment.
The objectives of the treatment are I replace of the tiroidea
function
in the long term and the recognition of the symptoms in order to avoid the provision of an overdose or little.
The hospitalization in case that will be necessary emergency complications take place, like for example
a
mixedémico coma.
The medical control and supervision will be necessary during several months with the purpose of establishing the correct dose for I replace of the
thyroid
.
In case that the treatment
was
interrupted,
a
relapse could be produced, with more intense symptoms.
Medication.
Hormones will be prescribed to him of I replace of the
thyroid
.
The required doses will
depend
on.
the age.
the
weight
.
sex.
the residual capacity of the
thyroid
.
other medicines that are taking.
the
intestinal
function
.
Signs and symptoms.
Its appearance is normally subtle and insidiosa.
Excessive fatigue.
Reduction of the
tolerance
to the cold.
Slow, fast or irregular beat
cardiac
.
Increase of
weight
.
Slow or coarse growth of the hair.
Diminution of the appetite.
Constipation.
Pain in the chest.
Somnolencia.
Placidness or nervousness.
Mental
disorder
including
depression
,
psychosis
or lack of memory. v Retention of liquids, specially around the eyes.
Sad face expression and fallen eyelids.
Coarse skin.
Diminution of the
sexual
appetite and
infertility
.
Menstrual
disorders
.
Anemia
.
Insensibilidad and creeps in feet and hands.
Hoarse or deep voice.
Swelling of legs.
Factors of risk.
Greater adults of 60 years.
Obesity
.
Surgery by hipertiroidismo.
Treatments with x - rayses.
Exhibition to the radioactivity.
Causes.
Sometimes, these are not known.
Between the most
common
causes they are included:
Disease
autoinmune, in which the immunological
system
of the body works of abnormal way and
attacks
the tiroidea gland destroying the cells that produce the tiroidea hormone.
Treatments with radioactive
iodine
of
a
hipertiroidismo.
Iodine
deficiency
in the diet. This is
common
in moved away mountainous zones of the sea in the underdeveloped countries. It
was
the cause of the great incidence of cretinismo (affected from the hipotiroidismo birth, with
cerebral
injury
) in the region of the Hurdes.
Diminution of the
activity
of the pituitaria gland that secretes the hormone that stimulates the
thyroid
.
Medicine use, for example the
lithium
, that represses the
function
of the
thyroid
.
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