Currant BLACK
Currant BLACK
Black
currant
; al. Schwarze johannisbeeren; ingl. Blackcurrant.
Leaf and fruit.
The leaves of this shrub are scattered in limbo resinous
yellow
glands on the underside. The inflorescence is
a
cluster of flowers with sepals pentámeras Velloso, curved, longer than the petals. The ovary infer, unilocular, creates
a
berry
violet
crowned by the remains of the calyx.
Source
.
The genus Ribes is not absent in the Mediterranean and Africa in the Pacific. Ribes nigrum is
spontaneous
in the northern and
central
Europe and northern Asia. In France (Burgundy) and in several
Central
European countries by its fruit is grown food.
Chemical composition.
Varies depending on the organ in question:
• Leaf. Contains amino acids,
ascorbic acid
, acids, phenols (derived benzoic and Cinnamic) 0. 02% of
essential
oil derived mainly consisting of aliphatic and sandy oxygenates; proantocianidoles and flavonoids: rutoside, hyper, isoquercitrósido, 3 - glucosil kenferol, 3 galactosylated - miricetol, sakuranetina, astragalina, glucoxilósidos of kenferol and quercetol [767c]
• Fruit. Rich in dare (10 - 14%)
organic
acids (citric, malic. minerals (
potassium
) and
ascorbic
acid, contains many polyphenolic derivatives: flavonoids (rutoside, resulting in glucosyl 3 miricetol and kenferol, isoquercitrósido, quercitrósido. and anthocyanins (glycosides and ramnoglucósidos in 3 cianidol and delfinidol) The seeds are an interesting
source
of g - linolenic acid.
• Outbreak. The
essential
oil
has
been studied: have been described several phenotypes, and there are marked differences between varieties. The flavonoids, which are also found in the outbreaks, they differ little from those of the leaves and fruit: rutoside, glycosides of quercetol and isorramnetol, 3 - glucosil and 3 - ramnoglucosil miricetol.
Pharmacological data.
The tradition attached to the leaves hypotensive properties. These have been shown experimentally with high doses administered in catand were confirmed in normotensive rat, anesthesia, the infusion of 20 g / l (360 mg / kg, iv) decreases up to 45% initial blood pressure. The splitting of extracts makes it possible to assign this
activity
to the total flavonoids, which, moreover, increase the
coronary
flow and inhibit the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (rabbit heart ex vivo) The effect observed in rat salidiurético [773]
was
not found in other experimental conditions [774]
A
hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves reduces swelling by carragenatos, rat orally.
The result of anthocyanins confer properties angioprotectoras: decreasing the permeability of the capillaries and increase their endurance. The outside of the fruit is spasmolytic (isolated guinea pig ileum) and antidiarreica.
Inhibition of degrading enzymes (collagenase, elastase, peroxidase, etc. Anthocyanins and by certain flavonoids could, according to some authors justify the anti - inflammatory action attributed to the leaves and shoots.
Observations on the Man.
Have not been many studies done in humans.
But
a
randomized trial demonstrated the effectiveness of anthocyanins in the fruits. Those associated with an excerpt from Ruscus reveal significant assets in functional
disorders
associated with venous insufficiency (pain, edema. and on the conjunctival microcirculation explored by capilarografía conjunctival. Other observations show the interest of anthocyanins in proctología, Phlebology and gynecology, and for the improvement of
visual
acuity.
Employment.
The activities traditionally attributed to the road
grosellero
, leading to the use of
herbal
preparations in the leaves (
tea
, powder criomolido, extracts) proposals to encourage the elimination of renal water and to treat the symptoms of painful joints demonstrations minors. The drug
has
no toxic spray. Traditionally, the fruits have been investigated for the treatment of the manifestations of venous insufficiency and the
disorders
associated with cutaneous capillary fragility. The anthocyanins are the signs themselves from this type of polyphenol: treating the symptoms of capilarosis of various etiologies,
retinal
vascular
disorders
and venous insufficiency. It also uses the glycerin macerate for outbreaks.
In Spain authorizing the use of this plant for the treatment of painful joints demonstrations. Rheumatism, gout and as
a
diuretic.
The drug.
The leaf is leaf stalk. Limbo, with 3 - 5 lobes triangular, presents the jagged edges. The lower, more pale that the upper surface, is hairy and covered with resin points for the glands secrete. The nerviaciones,
brown
, they are very marked. The microscopic examination of the drug pulverized sample fragments of skin and hair with cuticle striped TECTOR in the form of coma and wall warts. You can study the anthocyanins of fruits by classical methods and by DCCC (chromatography
drop
in the opposite direction)
Bibliography.
D
.
A
. WEBB.
Grossulariaceae. In:
Flora
Europaea.
T
. G. Tutin, V.
H
. Heywood, N.
A
. BURGOS,
D
. M. MOORE,
D
.
H
. VALENTINE, S. M. WALTERS and
D
.
A
. WEBB, edit. Cambridge University Press, vol. 1,
p
. 382 - 383, 1964.
M. Riita,
K
. JULKUNEN - Tiit, M. J. Kirsi and
T
.
K
. RIMPILÄINEN.
Methods of analysis and the aroma composition of some species of
Herbal
Teas.
Lebensm. Wiss.
u
.
Technol
. 21, 36 - 40, 1988; see also:
J. ANDERSSON, R. BOSVIK and
E
. VON SYDOW.
The composition of the
essential
oil of blackcurrant leaves (Ribes nigrum L.
J. Sci. Food. Agric. 14, 834 - 840, 1963.
a
)
P
.
H
. Chanh, N. IFANSYAH, R. Chahine,
A
. MOUNAYAR - CHALFOUN, J. Gley and
C
. MOULIS. Comparative effects of total flavonoids extracted from Ribes nigrum leaves, routines and isoquercitrin on BioSynthesis and
release
of prostaglandins in the ex vivo Rabbit heart.
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Medicine, 22, 295 - 300, 1996; see also:
N. IFANSYAH, phytochimiques Recherches sur les principes et pharmacologiques active in plants used as traditional medicine in antihypertenseurs, Doctoral Thesis of the third cycle of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toulouse 1982.
b)
P
. ATKINSON and J.
P
. BLAKEMAN. Seasonal occurrence of an antimicrobial flavanone, sakuranetin, associated with glands on leaves of Ribes nigrum.
New Phytol. 92, 63 - 74, 1982.
c
) O. Dire, J. MALINOWSKI and
H
. STRZELECKA. Flavonoids compounds in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) leaves.
Acta Pol. Pharm. 40, 383 - 387, 1983 (in:
Chem. Abstracts. 100, 171. 573b, 1984)
B.
H
. KOEPPEN and
K
. HERRMANN.
Flavonoid glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid esters of blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum)
Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 164, 263 - 268, 1977; see also: J. LOUSÃ LE, et al. Ann. Pharm. Fr. 33, 393 - 399, 1989.
C
. DECLUME.
Anti - inflammatory evaluation of hydroalcoholic extract of blackcurrant leaves (Ribes nigrum)
J. of Ethnopharmacology, 27, 91 - 98, 1989.
B. M. LAWRENCE.
Progress in
essential
oils: blackcurrant bud oil.
Perfume.
Flavor
. 12 (10 - 11) 54 - 58, 1987.
M.
F
. KERSLAKE and R.
C
. MENARY.
Varietal differences of extracts from blackcurrant buds (Ribes nigrum L.
J. Sci. Food Agric. 36, 343 - 351, 1985.
O. ROLLAND,
A
. M. BINSARD and J. RAYNAUD.
Les hétérosides flavoniques des bourgeons Ribes nigrum.
Plantes Méd. Phytother. 11, 222 - 229, 1977.
E
. Racza - KOTILLA and G. Racza.
Salidiuretische Wirkung hypotensive und von der Auszug Ribes Blättem.
Planta Med
. 32, 110 - 114, 1977.
B. Lasserre, R. KAISER,
P
.
H
. Chanh, N. IFANSYAH, J. Gley and
C
. MOULIS.
Effects on rats of aqueous extracts of plants used in folk medicine as antihypertensive agents.
Naturwissenschaften, 70, 95 - 96, 1983.
M. JONADET, M.
T
. MEUNIER,
F
. VILLIE, J. and
P
. BASTIDE.
Inhibition of collagene by the extracts of Ribes nigrum and Cupressus sempervirens.
J. Pharmacol, 16, 581, 1985.
M. JONADET, M.
T
. MEUNIER,
F
. VILLIE, J. and
P
. BASTIDE and J. L. LAMAISON.
Flavonoids extracts from Ribes nigrum L. et d'Alchemilla
vulgaris
L.
J. Pharmacol. 17, 21 - 27, 1986.
R. Questel and
P
. WALRANT.
Bilan de l''essai randomized Veinobiase, versus placebo dans l'insufficient veineuse: observation of the microcirculation pair capillarographie conjonctivale.
Gaz. Méd. Fr. 90, 508 - 514, 1983.
G. W. FRANCIS and O. M. ANDERSEN.
Droplet counter -
current
Chromatography of anthocyanins.
J. Chromatogr. 283) 445 - 448, 1984.
G. KYEREMATEN and
F
. SANDBERG.
Preliminary pharmacological studies of Pecarin,
a
new preparation from Ribes nigrum fruits.
Acta Pharm.
Swedish
. 23, 101 - 106, 1986.
H
. TRAITIER,
H
. J. Wille and
A
. STUDER.
Fractionation of blackcurrants seed oil.
J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 65, 755 - 760, 1988.
black
currant
, toxicological dossier
Laboratories
Arkopharma
.
Diseases
whose treatment is appropriate in this plant.
Inflammation.
Osteoarthritis
.
Arthritis
.
Muscle cramps
.
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