EUCALYPTUS

EUCALYPTUS

Eucalyptus; al. Fieberbaum, Blaugummibaum; English. Tasmanian blue gum, Fever tree.

Leaf (filodios =)

This large tree whose trunk is exfoliates sheet, has particular flowers: when are buttons, the sepals form the four corners of a box with four sides whose top has four petals concrescentes.

Source.

The genus is a native of the Australian continent, some species also born in a spontaneous manner in New Guinea and on some islands of the Indonesian archipelago. Many species have been introduced in many countries, including Spain.

Chemical composition.

As for most species of the genus, the main investigations have been directed to the study of the essential oil of its leaves. In addition, there is the presence of polyphenolic compounds, an antioxidant beta - dicetona long chainand aromatic terpenoids: the euglobales.

Polyphenols. Along with acidic phenols unimportant (gallic acid, gentisic, caféico, ferúlico. several flavonoids have been described: heterósidos of flavonols (rutoside, quercitrósido, hyper) and esters of flavones methylated in the wax Epicuticular.

Euglobales. Above all are in flower buds; these compounds benzotetrahidropiránicos or dihidroxanténicos result from a cicloadición between a acetogenins dialdéhidica floroglucinol type and a mono - or Sesquiterpenes (phellandrene, sabineno, biciclogermacreno)

Essential oil. Its content ranges between 0. 5 and 3. 5%. The 1. 8 - cineol (= eucalyptol) is the one who is in greater proportion (70% minimum) is accompanied by about a hundred other components terpénicos hydrocarbons and alcohols monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes, ketone, esters, hydrocarbons. In the essential oil are not rectified aliphatic aldehydes.

Pharmacological data.

Some of the properties recognized for their essential oil and eucalyptus have been the subject of numerous investigations: the case of their properties antitusivas, expectorants and antiseptic. There has also been demonstrated experimentally its hypoglycemic properties.

Whatever your route of administration, the essential oil is removed in large part by pulmonary route, which justifies their interest in the case of infections rinofaríngeas and bronco - pulmonary tract.

Its expectorant action. Although it is widely understood that the man, the essential oil increases the secretion by acting directly on bronchial epithelial cells and through a mucolytic, the experimental results in animals provide conflicting results regarding possible morphological changes of the bronchial epithelium. The cíñelo and the essential oil of eucalyptus (aerosol) behave as surfactants that reduce the surface tension between water and air at the alveolar level without causing morphological changes in the epithelium. A small dose, the cíñelo increases lung capacity.

Its antiseptic activity. Barteiostática and bactericidal actions have been studied and demonstrated in vitro against numerous pathogens (staphylococci, pneumococo, Proteus, coliform) and against fungi and yeast (Candida) Whatever the route of administration, the essential oil is largely eliminated by pulmonary route, which justifies their interest in the case of infections bronchopulmonary rinofaríngeas and tree.

On the other hand, it appears that a cíñelo inducing activity on the enzymes of liver microsomes, speeding up the metabolism of some drugs. In rat, has demonstrated an exercise activity colerética.

Observations on the Man.

Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated pharmacological data from the eucalyptus leaf. A study in a hospital environment has shown a slight bacteriostatic activity in case of urinary tract infections, especially in case of colibacillosis. Different measures carried out in Volumetric a volunteer group that presented a simple constipated, show that the mixture of essential oil of eucalyptus, menthol and camphor can induce an improvement in respiratory dynamics observed.

Employment.

The drug is used in the form of teas, capsules, syrups, pills, etc. In the treatment of mild bronchitis. Many specialties marketed indicated in the symptomatic treatment of disorders of the respiratory tract contain cineol or essential oil. They also are used preparations for administration via outsourcing (antiseptic ointment) or inhaling (alcoholic solutions)

At therapeutic doses (0, 06 - 0, 2 ml, for an activity expectorant) the essential oil is not toxic. However, the ingestion of a few milliliters of pure essential oil can be fatal in both adults and children (nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, coma) The D. L. 50 (rat, per os) is 1. 68 mg / kg. In the tests of acute and subacute criomolida made with the drug administered to rats per os (3. 6 g / kg, 300 and 900 mg / kg / day for 5 weeks) there has been no toxic effects. The cineol is a neurotoxic, epileptógeno. In vitro, is inhibitor of tissue respiration and the ion exchange.

In Spain authorizing the use of this plant for ailments of the respiratory system: throat, nose, sinuses, and bronchial flu. Acute conditions of the bronchi.

Precautions.

Not recommended during pregnancy or in lactation. Do not use essential oils including inhalation in children under two years.

The drug.

The eucalyptus leaf petiole has a short and crooked, a sickle blade, coriaceous and narrow, grayish green on both sides. The limbo has nerviaciones secondary to unite on the sidelines and watch the shows to light, many secretory esquizógenas bags. It can reach 25 cm in length and the width ranges from 2 to 5 cm. The microscopic examination of the superior court in a tissue sample cross fence bifacial in limbo and a nerviación beam liberoleñosos (one normal and two inverted) fitted with perforated fabric perimedular.

The essential oil content is at least 2%. The C. C. F. allows to verify the presence of cineol and the absence of citronelal.

Bibliography.

Les eucalyptus dans les reboisements.

Colletion F. A. O. Forêt No 11, Rome, 1982.

M. H. Boelens.

Essential oils and aroma chemicals from Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

Perfume, Flavor. 9, 12 - 01) 1 - 14, 1985.

K. BOUKEF, G. BALANSARD, M. LALLEMAND and P. BERNARD.

Etude et des hétérosides isolated agycones flavoniques des - feui.

For details of Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

Plantes Méd. Phytother. 10, 30 - 35, 1976.

T. AMANO, T. Komiya. M. HORIE, M. GOTO, M. Kozuke.

and T. Sawada.

Isolation and characterization of euglobals from Eucalyptus glo -

Bulus Labill. by preparative reserved - phase Liquid Chromatography.

J. Chromatogr. 208) 347 - 355, 1981.

M. Kozuke, T. Sawada, F. KASAHARA, E. MIZUTA, T.

AMANO, T. Komiya and M. GOTO.

The granulation - inhibiting principles from Eucalyptus globulus.

Labill. II. The structures of euglobal LA1, LA2 - lb, lc - eleventh - LLB.

and LLC.

Chem. Pharm. Bull, 30, 1952 - 1963, 1982.

T. Osawa & M. NAMIKI.

A novel type of Antioxidant isolated from leaf of wax - Eucalyp.

Your leaves.

Agric. Biol. Chem. 45, 735 - 739, 1981.

R. ANTON.

Les médicaments aromatic, an Thérapeutiques d'avenir?

Act. Pharm. 154) 23 - 30, 1979.

K. S. Zanker, W. TOLLE, G. BLÜMEL and J. PROBST.

Evaluation of surfactant - like effects commonly used remedies.

for COLDS.

Respiration, 39, 150 - 157, 1980.

A. Jori, E. DI SALLE and R. PESCADOR.

On the inducing activity of eucalyptol.

J. Pharm. Pharmac. 24, 464 - 469, 1972; see also Jori et al.

Eur. J. Pharmacol. 9, 362 - 366, 1970.

R. MALHURET, P. BASTIDE and B. JOLY.

Essai d'computer use essential oils in milieu hospitalier.

Phytotherapy, 11) 17 - 27, 1984.

B. M. COHEN and Dressler.

Aromatics Acute inhalation modifies the airways. Effects of the.

common cold.

Respiration, 43, 285 - 293, 1982.

S. PATEL and J. WIGGINS.

Eucalyptus oil poisoning.

Arch. Dis. Child. 55, 405 - 406, 1980.

Eucalyptus, toxicological dossier Laboratories Arkopharma.

M. D. STEINMETZ, M. VIAL and Y. MILLET.

Actions de l'huile esentielle of romarim et de certains de ses.

constituants (eucalyptol the camphor) sur le cortex cérébralde.

Rat in vitro.

J. Toxicol. Clin. Exp. 7, 259 - 271, 1987.

Diseases whose treatment is appropriate in this plant.

Non - insulin dependent diabetes.

Rhinitis.

Bronchitis.

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