Bearberry

Bearberry

Gayuba; al. Bärentraube; English. Bearberry.

Sheet.

This bush leaves coriaceous and persistent pentámeras has white flowers that are pinkish in groups of 3 to 5 at the ends of the branches, with persistent calyx, corolla lapses, and anthers that have long dorsal appendages. The fruit is a rounded red berry alive.

Source.

This ericácea, as most species of the family, grows on land rich in silica. Basically, it extends into the undergrowth and rocky areas in the mountainous regions of the temperate northern hemisphere. The drug comes from Yugoslavia, Spain.

Chemical composition.

The road gayuba contains phenols acids (gallic acid, quínico) flavonoids (St. John isoquercitrósido) triterpenes pentacícliclos with skeleton type Ursan (Ursola acid and its derivatives) iridoides (monotropeósido) trace of volatile components, and a high content (15 - 20%) in tannins, essentially gálicos (poligaloilglucosa) The activity of the drug is attributed to the presence of phenolic glycosides: arbutósido derivatives and the like.

• The arbutósido whose contents ranging between 6 and 10% is a beta - D - glucopyranoside of hydroquinone. Its hydrolysis releases a molecule of glucose and an unstable diphenol that oxidizes immediately hydroquinone. This Hetero, present in many ericaceous is accompanied by his dimethyl ether (metilarbutósido) and spruce, glucoside, 4 - hydroxy acetophenone. The content varies depending on several factors glycosides, in particular, according to the age of leaves, geographic origin and mode of drying. The presence of tannins allowed by blocking the enzyme that was not glu ósido during hidrolice desiccation, resulting in a net darkening of the drug.

Pharmacological data.

The pharmacological properties of the gayuba observed at urinary:

• Action diuretic. This action has been observed in rats with water overload, with both arbutósidowith flavonoids and phenolic glycosides that, administered orally at doses of 10 mg / kg, an increase urine output in 211% and in lesser extent, the elimination of sodium and potassium.

• Activity urinary antiseptic. Hydroquinone is bacteriostatic in vitro, mainly acts against staphylococciand a large number of germs. Experiments conducted on rats show that the arbutósido is hydrolyzed rapidly and that hydroquinone is eliminated via urine in the form of sulfo - and glucuroconjugados. If the urine is alkaline (hydrolysis of conjugated derivative) and the concentration is sufficient (60 mg / ml hydroquinone) the antiseptic activity is clearly manifested [400]

On the other hand, the aqueous extract and methanol of the drug are molusculicidasand the former are virostatics.

Employment.

Phytotherapy recommend the use of this drug for the treatment of urinary tract infections: urethritis, pyelitis, chronic cystitis by bacterial flora trivial. Typically, the road is used spray or infusion. The taking simultaneous hydrogencarbonate sodium favors alkalinization of urine. Although the criomolturado is not toxic at normal, hydroquinone alone can cause intestinal spasms (mouse) hypotension (dog) and large doses, disorders of ECG (rabbit)

In Spain authorizing the use of this plant for urinary tract infections: acute and chronic cystitis, urethritis. Diuretic.

Precautions.

To increase the effect of the product, swallowed with water bicarbonated. In the absence of testing is not recommended in pregnant women and breast - feeding. The urine appears tinged with green. In subjects are especially sensitive to the level of the gastric mucosa, the infusion can cause nausea and vomiting.

The drug.

The leaf blade of A. uva - ursi is whole, eased into the base, obtuse or spatulate at the top. The top surface is presented finely reticulate, is dark green and bright, the lower side is clearer. The microscopic examination showed a very thick cuticle that coats a skin cell polyhedral, bulky stomata compounds 5 to 7 cells attached on the lower face and hair TECTOR especially abundant in young leaves. Must be examined in order to avoid falsifications with leaves of boxwood or with various species of Vaccinium. The content arbutósido determined by colorimetry after reacting with the aminopirazolona in alkaline medium and oxidizer is at least a 7% (m / m) By H. P. L. C. High - resolution chromatography) you can also see the presence of glycosides and Genina.

Bibliography.

H. GEIGER, U. Schuck, H. WALDRUM, G. VANDER VELDE and T. J. Mabry.

Quercetin - 3b - D - 6 - O - galloyl - galactose) ein von Inhaltsstoff Arctostaphylos uva - ursi (L. Spreng. Ericaceae)

Z. Naturforsch. 30c, 296, 1975.

A. PROLIAC.

Triterpenes d'Arctostaphylos uva - ursi Spreng.

Plantes Méd. Phytother. 14, 155 - 158, 1980.

L. JAHODAR, I. LEIFERTOVA and M. LISA.

Investigation of substances in Orange County Arctostaphylos uva - ursi.

Pharmazie, 33, 536 - 537, 1978.

V. MORETTI.

L'uva Ursino. Studio botanical qualitative and quantitative ricerca dei Principi attivi.

Boll. Soc. Ital. Farm. 23, 207 - 224, 1977.

G. A. KARIKAS, M. R. EUERBY and R. D. WAIGH.

Isolation of piceoside from Arctostaphylos uva - ursi.

Planta Med. 53, 307 - 308, 1987.

P. GUILLEREY.

Contribution to the study of medicinal plants to diurétique reputation.

Doctoral Thesis of at Pharmacie (Diplôme d'Etat) Nancy I, 1982.

G. D. DIVICENZO, M. L. HAMILTON, R. C. REYNOLDS and D. A. ZIEGLER.

Metabolic fate and disposition ofhydroquinone given orally to Sprague - Dawley rats.

Toxicology, 33, 9 - 18, 1984.

D. FROHNE.

Untersuchungen zur Frage der von Harndesinfizierenden Wirkung Bärentraubenblatt - extrakten.

Planta Med. 18, 1 - 26, 1970.

L. JAHODAR, P. Jilek, M. PATKOVA and V. DVORÁKOVÁ.

Antimikrobiální pusobení arbutinu to extraktu z listu medvedice lécivé in vitro (antimicrobial action of arbutin and the extract of the leaves of Arctostaphylos uva - ursi in vitro)

Ceskoslov. Farm. 34, 174 - 180, 1985; see also: H. FLORESNÉ VARI, G. VERZARNE PETRI and M. A KUTASI species uvae ursi (V Fono) mikrobiologiai vizsgalata, Acta Pharm Hung. 54, 170 - 175, 1984.

D. Schaufelberger and K. HOSTETTMANN.

On the molluscicidal activity of tannin containing plants Planta Med. 48, 105 - 107, 1983.

P. L. CHAMBERS and M. J. ROWAN.

An analysis of the toxicity of hydroquinone on central synaptic transmission.

Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 54, 238 - 243, 1980.

M. WICHTL.

Bärentraubenblätter. In: DAB 9 - Kommentar, Deutsches Arzneibuch, K. HARTKE and e. MUTSCHLER eds. Stuttgart, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellshaft mbH, P. 911 - 914, 1986.

M. H. ASSAF, A. A. ALI, M. A. Makboul, J. P. BECK & R. ANTON.

Preliminary study of Phenolic glycosides from Origanum Majorana; arbutin of quantitative estimation; citotoxic activity of hydroquinone.

Planta Med. 53, 343 - 345, 1987.

gayuba, toxicological dossier Laboratories Arkopharma.

G. MAY & G. WILLUHN.

Antiviral Gewebekulturen in Wirkung wäbriger Pflanzenextrakte.

Arzneim - Forsch. 28, 1 - 7, 1978.

Diseases whose treatment is appropriate in this plant.

Cystitis.

Drop.

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