FUMARIA
FUMARIA
Fumaria
, Palomilla,
Sangre
de
Cristo
, shoes of the child Jesus; al. Erdrauch;
English
: Fumitory.
Aerial
florida
.
Fumaria
species of annual herbaceous plants are finely divided leaves, silículas indehiscent and bunches of flowers zigomorfas: 2 sepals petaloides obsolete, 4 pétados divided into two stages, the petal top of the cycle is bulky external and ends in
a
spur more or less curved.
Source
.
The genus is
common
in the northern hemisphere, except in northern areas. The two subspeciesF.
officinalis
(ssp. and Sell
officinalis
ssp. wirtgenii (Koch) Arcangeli and other indigenous species are species that invade crops.
Chemical composition.
Numerous studies have been devoted to this genre because of the importance of their alkaloids. In 1986, 95 compounds were described in 17 of these species. The non - alkaloid compounds are less known: Flucythri - 1 - ol (= cerílico
alcohol
) acids in the Krebs cycle (
E
- butendióico acid or fumaric acid) acids, phenolsand flavonoids.
• Alkaloids:
In indigenous species, the content can vary between 0. 15 and 0. 30%. Their distribution
has
been studied and is very, so much so that there is
a
review dedicated to his study, in addition, are still conducting studies with this genre. The
F
.
officinalis
contains more than twenty alkaloids, from all
Aromatic
amino acid metabolism: protoberberinas (canadina) espirobencilisoquinoleínas (fumaricina, fumarilina, etc. indenobenzacepinas (fumaritridina) abenzofenantridina and protopinas: protopina, criptopina. The protopina, alkaloid majority of
F
.
officinalis
, is found in all species studied, with the exception of
F
. microcarpa (Hausskn) Pugsley. Some authors acknowledge the presence of phthalide secoftalida - and - tetrahidroisoquinoleínas [536]
but
others do not [533]
Pharmacological data.
Animal testing verifies the properties traditionally conferred on colerética the drug and confirms its action "anfocolerética" means
Fumaria
does not exercise any effect in rats when bile secretion is
normal
, however when the increases are below the
normal
values and opposed to
a
possible increase in the flow. The increase in coleresis is accompanied by
a
change
in the composition of bile. The
Fumaria
exerts an important role on the
gallstones
experimentally induced in rats.
Acids alcohols also have an important role in this
activity
. It also
has
a
spasmolytic action, especially on the sphincter of Oddi; the protopina is responsible for this
activity
carried on smooth
muscle
, as well as demonstrate several studies in experimental animals.
The protopina is also known for its antihistamine properties, bradicardizantes, hypotensive, bactericides and sedatives. Increase the setting of the GABA receptors in the synaptic membrane of the brain.
Observations on the Man.
The tests conducted in humans are relatively numerous,
but
most are quite old. The biological assessment and evaluation of clinical status showed
a
trend toward improvement in the general signs associated with
liver
dysfunction
(
anorexia
,
asthenia
) and migraines. The
Fumaria
is also interesting for the regulation of
intestinal
disorders
chronic
biliary
origin
(estreñimento, alternating
diarrhea
or both) In one trial versus placebo
was
observed significant efficacy with
a
success rate above 70% and absence of side effects. All comments posted confirm the interest of the drug in case of
dyspepsia
and
biliary
dyskinesias, stone, side effects associated with taking psychotropic substances, etc.
Employment.
Both drugs as their preparations are part of the composition of specialties of "herbal colerética" proposals in the symptomatic treatment of dyspeptic
disorders
, particularly pain of functional
gastrointestinal
origin
: hichamiento epigastric, slow digestion,
aerophagia
,
flatulence
, nausea. Apparently, the drug
has
no toxicity, there have been no drug interactions or side effects, adapted perfectly to the council pharmacist. The evidence of acute and subacute toxicity in the rat, per os, showed that the powder criomolido no toxic effects.
In Spain authorizing the use of this plant for the hepato -
biliary
disorders
(bad digestion, digestive migraines) Depurative.
The drug.
Fumaria
officinalis
has
deeply divided leaves grayish green or tripennatisectas with bi - linear segments. Inflorescence bracts presents shorter than the pedicel. The flowers, pink
purple
clusters are looser, with the sepals lanceolate, and jagged petals of the upper ends in
a
spur and
a
spatula and lower petal that widens in the extreme. The stamens are welded into two groups by the filaments. The silícula is ovoid and
has
a
small
depression
in the extreme. The number of flowers per inflorescence (> 20 or 10 - 20) and the size of the sepals (2. 5 - 3. 5 or less 2 mm) allows the distinction of the two subspecies
officinalis
and wirtgenii. The size of the sepals and the shape of the silícula are the main criteria for distinguishing between these species.
Bibliography.
P
.
D
. SELL,
Fumaria
. In:
Flora
Europaea,
T
. G. Tutin, V.
H
. Heywood, N.
A
. BURGOS,
D
.
H
. VALENTINE, S. M. WALTERS and
D
.
A
. WEBB, eds. Cambridge University Press, vol. 1,
p
. 255 - 258, 1964; see also id. Repeating Feddes, 68, 1963.
P
. FORGACS,
A
. JEHANNO, J. PROVOST, R. Tiberghien and
A
. TOUCHE.
Alkaloids des Papavéracées II:
Composition on chimique dix - September species of
Fumaria
.
Pl. Méd. et Phytother. 20, 64 - 81, 1986; see also:
P
. FORGACS et al. Ibid. 16, 99 - 115, 1982.
P
. Delaveau Fumeterre.
Act. Pharm. 172) 33 - 34, 1980.
M. TORCK, M. PINKAS and L. BEZANGER - BEAUQUESNE.
Les hétérosides flavoniques of Fumeterre.
Ann. Pharm. Fr. 29, 591 - 595, 1971.
V. PREININGER.
Chemotaxonomy of Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae. In: The alkaloids, Chemistry and Pharmacology,
A
. BROSSI, ed. London, Academic Press, 29,
p
. 11 - 98, 1986.
K
. W. BENTLEY.
b - phenethylamines and the isoquinoline alkaloids.
Natural
Products Reports, 3, 156 - 169, 1986.
J. GIROUX, M. Boucard, I. BEAULATONE.
Les modificateurs of cholérèse. Doit - on Parler d'amphocholérétique?
Therapy, 21, 889 - 902, 1966.
M. REYNIER,
E
. LAGRANGE, J. Haring and M. Vigouroux.
Effet du nébulisat of fumeterre of protopine and papaverine on the sécrétion Biliaire du Rat in hypocholérèse.
Trav. Soc. Pharm. Montpellier, 37, 73 - 84, 1977; see also: M. REYNIER et al, ibid. M. REYNIER,
E
.
E
. LAGRANGE & M. AUROUSSEAU.
Nébulisat effet du fumeterre south of the Lithia vésiculaire the experimental chez souris.
Ann. Pharm. Fr. 31, 357 - 362, 1973.
L. ÜSTÜNES, G. M. LAEKEMAN, B. GÖZLER,
A
. J. VLIETINCK,
A
. Ozer and
A
. G. HERMAN.
In vitro study of the anticholinergic and antihistaminic activities of protopine and some derivatives.
J. Nat. Prod. 51, 1021 - 1022, 1988; see also:
S.
H
. HILLAL,
E
.
A
. ABOUTABL, L. ÜSTÜNES, G. M. LAEKEMAN, B. GÖZLER,
A
. J. VLIETINCK,
A
. Ozer and
A
. G. HERMAN.
In vitro study of the anticholinergic and antihistaminic activities of protopine and some derivatives.
J. Nat. Pro.
J. KARDOS, G. Blasko et M. SIMONYI.
Enhancement of g - AMINOBUTYRIC acid receptor binding by protopine type alkaloids.
Arzneim - Forsch. 36, 939 - 940, 1986.
M. ROUX.
Le nébulisat of fumeterre in the regulation of
chronic
intestinal
troubles d'origine Biliaire.
Gazette Médicale de France, 84, 3794 - 3798, 1977.
M. ZACHAREWICZ, W. CHORAZY, S. Mossoro and M. ZACHAREWICZ Jr.
Fumaria
Nebulisat in der Behandlung von Gallenwergerkrankungen.
Wiener Med. Wschr. 129, 221 - 224, 1979.
Fumaria
, toxicological dossier
Laboratories
Arkopharma
.
Diseases
whose treatment is appropriate in this plant.
Dyskinesias bile.
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