Star anise, Badian

Star anise, Badian

Spanish: Anis.

English: Anise.

French: Anis vert.

When we hear of anise, it is inevitable to think about the high alcohol content of liquor or white balls refer to those who buy into the sweets, but others have coma as a base for its production the fruit of the plant that bears his name and whose virtues are not negligible.

Part Used: The fruit (diaquenios)

Active Principles: Essential oil (2 - 5%) rich in trans - anethole (75 - 90%) with estragole (metilcavicol) furanocumarinas (umbeliferona) traces of hydrocarbons and ketones terpénicos aniseed. Sterols: stigmasterol. Flavonoids: quercitrósido, isoorientina, vitexina, rutoside. Carbohydrates, choline, malic acid, resin.

The drug dries to include at least 20 mg / kg of essential oil (RFE, 1997)

Pharmacological Action: Have action aperitive a, carminativa, digestive, spasmolytic (especially respiratory and digestive) hepatoprotective; mucolytics, expectorant, diuretic, galactógena, antiseptic, Scabicides, fungicide, worming and flavoring.

FEATURES: This is a slender stalk of grass and long, about 50 centimeters, which culminates with inflorescences in umbel (cluster of flowers that acquire the appearance of an umbrella) formed by countless white florcillas whose fruit, and tiny spherical, mature at the end of the summer. The leaves, deeply divided, resemble those of parsley. He was also known as sweet grass or matalahúva.

LOCATION: It is a plant that grows only in controlled crops, because no one grows spontaneously in any part of] balloon. Prefers temperate climates, especially in the Mediterranean. Spain, without being the country with greater output, produces one of the best quality of anise.

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES: Provides pulmonary secretions, removes intestinal gases, stimulates the body, helps make digestion, promotes urination and menstruation and stimulates milk production. Since that happens to milk, infant baby can benefit from their property it takes the mother anís.

COLLECTING: We use the fruits mature, the anise, which are taken at the end of the summer, when they are well mature. Cut inflorescence (umbels) and was hit on a container to fall aniseed. Although the frescoes have more anethole, if left to dry can be saved until next season.

USES AND APPLICATIONS: Its primary use is in infusion or tincture. Dyeing is preferred because the substance is not soluble in water and another in alcohol and often uses the infusion and adds a bit of dye.

The infusion is prepared by adding boiling water while Anis Al and maintaining boiling about five minutes. Should be taken hot and stirring continuously with a spoon so that the extract is not left in the bottom of the cup.

It can be sweetened with sugar or honey. The dye is prepared to maintain macerated for two or three weeks about 100 deer per half a liter of anise alcohol.

In Mediterranean countries, it is customary to add anis (anise fruit) to the food of cows and sheep with the aim of increasing its production of milk.

Indications.

Inappetence, dyspepsia hiposecretoras, flatulence, gastrointestinal spasms, gastroenteritis, hepatitis. Intestinal parasites: Oxyuriasis. Halitosis. Colds, bronchitis, emphysema, asthma. Oliguria, cystitis. Lactation. It is used widely as a corrective organoleptic odor and flavor.

Topically in dermatophytoses: pityriasis versicolor, tricofitosis (athlete's foot) candidiasis. Pediculosis.

Contraindications.

Intolerance to anise, anethole or other essential oils.

Unless otherwise indicated, we recommend not to prescribe the essential oil of anise through internal during pregnancy, lactation, children under six years or patients with gastritis, gastric ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, hepatopathy, Epilepsy, Parkinson's or other neurological diseases.

Do not administer, or topically applied to children under six years old or people with respiratory allergies or with known hypersensitivity to this or other essential oils.

Do not prescribe dosage forms with alcohol content to children under two years or consultants in the process of alcohol addiction.

Although it has not been able to demonstrate their estrogenic effect, being one of the generally attributed (Peris, 1995, Mulet, 1991, 1997) we recommend not to prescribe concentrated extracts and pure essential oil orally in the presence of hiperestrogesism, treatments or estrogen with progestins.

Caution / Poisoning.

Do not exceed the five drops of essential oil per shot, with a maximum of three shots a day.

The essential oil, at high doses and / or prolonged, can produce convulsive effects and act as a narcotic, causing muscle paresis, cerebral congestion, and other disturbances that are reminiscent of the organic absintismo chronic. It can cause skin hypersensitivity reactions (vesicular dermatitis) respiratory and gastrointestinal. It has also described the emergence of cheilitis and stomatitis after taking oral essential oil of anise.

By practicing preventive recommend a litmus test prior to the implementation of inhalations with essential oils: inhale for 15 seconds and wait 30 minutes.

Take into account the alcohol content of the fluid extract, tincture and syrup.

Galenica forms / Dosage.

Infusion: One teaspoon per cup of coffee. One after each meal.

Essential oil deterpenado (See contraindications, precautions) 1 to 2 drops on a sugar cube, or microencapsulated (25 mg / capsule) 1 to 3 times a day, at the end of meals. Suppositories (50 mg / sup. 2 to 3 a day) Inhalations wet (5 drops in half a liter of warm water) Aerosols (500 mg per 50 ml essence of preparation)

Tincture (1: 10) 30 to 50 drops, one to three times daily (1 to 3 g / day)

Fluid extract (1: 1) 10 to 20 drops, two or three times a day.

Dry extract (5: 1) 100 to 300 mg / day.

Dust: 0. 2 to 2 grams a day, in three doses.

Syrup (5% extract fluid) 30 to 60 g per day (children) a spoonful of coffee.

Bibliography.

Benigni, R; Capra, C; Cattorini, P. Piante Medicinali. Chimica, Pharmacology and Therapy. Milano: Inverni & Della Beffa, 1962, pp. 92 - 5.

Bézanger - Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M. Dans la Plantes Les Thérapeutiques Moderne. 2. Paris: Maloine, 1986, p. 330.

Bézanger - Beauquesne, L; Pinkas, M; Torck, M; Trotin, F. Medicinal plants of temperate Regions. Paris: Maloine, 1980, p. 239.

Bruneton, J. Elements of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy. Zaragoza: Acribia, 1991, p. 255.

European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy (ESCOP) Monographs on the medicinal uses of plant drugs. Fascicle 3: Anisi fructus (Aniseed) July 1997, 7 pp.

Fernandez, M; Nieto, A. Medicinal Plants. Pamplona: Ediciones Universidad de Navarra, 1982, p. 133.

James, A; Duke, Ph. D. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. 5. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1987, pp. 374 - 5.

Mulet, L. Ethnobotanical survey of the province of Castellon. Castellon: Provincial, 1991, pp. 328 - 32.

Mulet, L. Toxic Plants of Valencia. Castellon: Provincial, 1997, p. 517.

Paris, RR; Moyse, M. Summary of Matter Médicale. Take II. Paris: Masson, 1967, pp. 471.

Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Vanaclocha, B. Applied Fitoterapia. Valencia: M. I. Official College of Pharmacists, 1995, pp. 149 - 50.

Peris, JB; Stübing, G; Figuerola, R. Guide to Medicinal Plants of Valencia. Valencia: Las Provincias, 1996, p. 328.

Real Spanish Pharmacopoeia. Madrid: Ministry of Health and Consumption, 1997, pp. 436 - 7.

Rivera, D; Obon, C. The Guide INCAFE of useful and Poisonous Plants of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearics. Madrid: INCAFE, 1991, pp. 728 - 31.

Samuelsson, G. Drugs of Natural Origin. A Textbook of Pharmacognosy. Stockholm: Swedish Pharmaceutical Press, 1992, p. 93.

Simon, R. Guide for Pharmaceutical and Medical Pharmacology. Madrid: A Madrid Vicente, 1993, p. 171.

Trease, GE, Evans, WCh. Pharmacognosy. Mexico City: Inter - MacGraw - Hill, 1991, p. 470.

Van Hellemont, J. Compendium of Phytothérapie. Bruxelles: Association Pharmaceutique Belge, 1986, p. 289.

WICHTL, M. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceutical. A Handbook for Practice on a scientific basis. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers, 1994, pp. 73 - 5.

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