ispaghula

ispaghula

Ispágula, plantago of India; German: Indische Wegerish; English. Indian plantago, bond psyllium.

Seed and seed coat.

Perennial plant of small size, has straight stems, leaves lanceolado paralelinervo in limbo. The heads end up in spikes density and shape variables, depending on the species. The morphology of the cup and the size of the bracts are distinctive features.

Source.

This species is very common in West Asia and India, are grown in this country and in Pakistan.

Chemical composition.

The investigations have been conducted mainly on ispágula. The seed of ispágula is quite rich in protein, among other compounds containing 0. 06% of alkaloids, Aucuba (a iridoide) sterols (beta - sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol) triterpenes, lipidsand hydrocarbons concentrated in the outer surface layers of seed coat. The activity is linked to the presence of mucilage.

Mucilage.

The content, always important in the seed coat, can reach 30%. The soluble polysaccharide fraction (85% of gross mucilage) is a highly branched structure, acid, mostly consisting of D - xylose (63. 6%) and L - arabinose (20. 4%) The main chain of the polymer is a xylan when links are 1? 4, or 1? 3 without regularity. The lateral branches are formed or xylose (link 1? 3) or arabinose (link 1? 3) or by aldobiurónico acid (D - galacturonic acid (1? 2) al - rhamnose) Link 1? 3 1 2. Other distinguished work in cold water soluble fractions and hot water soluble and dare different proportions of these two fractions.

Pharmacological data.

Because many drugs are rich in polysaccharides, ispágula mechanic is a laxative. The mucilage of ispágula bulky form gels with water absorbing, and increases the volume of the contents of the intestine, stimulating bowel peristalsis and facilitate the evacuation. The viscosity of the gel formed equally influences on their activity. Most of the other data on the biological properties of the mucilage of P. ovata come from studies in humans. The use of ispágula (and more generally for fiber) would be beneficial in case of diverticulosis. Some studies indicate a hypoglycemic activityallowing to use the drug as a complement to conventional treatments (non - insulin - dependent diabetes) Has not always been found to reduce cholesterol and lipid lowering action, often referred to.

Observations on the Man.

Have been tested several specialties based mucilage of ispágula of tegument of ispagula onlyor associated with senand revealed a marked improvement of transit and consistency of stools. In childhood diarrhea were also observed regulatory effects.

Clinical studies show satisfactory results using ispágulafor the symptomatic treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. The association ispágula + scheme is more effective than just a diet for the treatment of obesity.

Employment.

The mucilage of plantago ovata is devoid of toxicity, and although the dust from the milling of ispágula is known as respiratory allergies, anaphylactic shock by eating the seed is exceptionalare used for the symptomatic treatment of constipation. Ispágula, zaragatona and seeds of other plants: in the form of granules, powders, capsules. The seed coat of the seed of pure Ispágula (sucrose) is proposed as adjunctive treatment of certain metabolic disorders: obesity, diabetes, high blood cholesterol. No significant drug interactions, tolerance is good, the effects are minor (Meteor) The seeds should be used with caution in sick bed and are contraindicated in cases of occlusive syndrome or abdominal pain syndrome of undetermined cause. No treatment is advised that long - term children.

In Spain authorizing the use of this plant as a regulator of intestinal function. Symptomatic treatment of chronic constipation.

Precautions.

In patients with intestinal blockage. Alienate the ingestion of other medications to prevent possible interactions with them, which can cause a decrease in its effect. Do not associate with astringent. If it comes to people with poor appetite, it should alienate the treatment of meals, and better yet if taken at night. In the case of diabetics, the effect will be beneficial but it needs to control blood sugar.

The drug.

The seeds of ispágula are oval (2x1mm) and clearly aerodynamic, have a brown line on the convex side, its color is gray - pink. The drug should not contain extraneous elements (<0. 5% for the species officinal) and to proceed to the determination of the swelling index (> 10) and loss on drying (> 14%)

Bibliography.

S. JAMAL, Y. AHMAD, R. AGARWAL, M. AHMAD and S. M. OSMAN.

A novel oxo fatty acid in Plantago ovata seed oil.

Phytochemistry, 26, 3067 - 3069, 1987.

J. F. KENNEDY, J. S. SANDHU and D. A. SOUTHGATE.

Structural data for the carbohydrate ispaghula husk of Plantago ovata former Forsk.

Carbohydrate Research, 75, 265 - 274, 1979.

J. S. SHANDU, G. J. HUDSON, and J. F. KENNEDY.

The gel nature and strucutre of the carbohydrate ispaghula husk of Plantago ovata former Forsk.

Carbohydrate Research, 93, 247 - 259, 1981.

P. K. SHARMA and A. K. Koula.

Mucilage in seeds of Plantago ovata and its allies wild.

J. of Ethnopharmacology, 17, 289 - 295, 1986.

J. RUSSELL, and P. BASS.

Effects of laxative and nonlaxative hydrophilic polymers on Canine small bowel motor activity.

Dig. Dis. Sc. 31, 281 - 288, 1986.

F. CAPANI, A. CONSOLI, A. DEL PONTE, G. Lalli and S. SENSI.

A new dietary fiber for use in diabetes.

IRCS Medical Sciense, 8, 661, 1980.

S. E. Fagerberg.

The effects of a bulk laxative (Metamucil, on Fasting blood glucose, serum Lipids and other varables in constipated patients with non - insulin dependent adult diabetes.

Acta Endocrinol. 100, 22, 1982 (Supp.

C. Choose.

Purified fiber psyllium seed, human gastrointestinal tract function, and nutritional status of humans.

In: Unconventional sources of dietary fibers, ACS Symposium Series No. 214, Washington, American Chemical Society, p. 61 - 70, 1983.

M. Borgia, N. SEPE, V. BRNCARO, G. COSTA, P. SIMONE, R. Borgia, and R. JULY.

Treatment of chronic constipation by a bulk - forming laxative (Fibrolax,

J. Int. Med. Res. 11, 124 - 127, 1983.

M. PERS and B. PERS.

A crossover comparative study with two bulk laxatives.

J. Int. Med. Res. 11, 51 - 53, 1983.

A. Kumar, N. KUMAR, J. C. VIJ, S. K. Sarin and B. S. ANAND.

Optimum dosage of ispaghul husk in patients irritable bowel syndrome: correlation of Symptom relief with whole gut transit time and stool weight.

Gut, 28, 150 - 155, 1987.

G. F. LONGSTRETH, D. D. FOZ, L. YOUKELES, A. B. FORSYTH and D. A. WOLOCHOW.

Psyllium therapy in the irritable bowel syndrome.

Ann. Intern. Med. 95, 53 - 56, 1981; voir aussi D. S. Greenbaum et al. Ibid. P. 660.

G. ENZIAN, E. M. INELMEN and G. CREPALDI.

Effect of a hydrophulic mucilage in the treatment of obese patients.

Pharmatherapeutica, 2, 421 - 428, 1980.

J. S. SEGGEV, K. Ohta and W. R. Tipton.

GE mediated anaphylaxis due to a psyllium - containing drug.

Ann. Allergy, 53, 325 - 325, 1984; voir aussi: R. SUHONEN, KANTOLA and F. BJÖRKSTEN, Anaphylactic sxhock due to ingestion of psyllium laxative, Allergy, 38, 363 - 365, 1983.

E. ANDRZEJEWSKA - GOLEC and L. SWIATEK.

Badania chemotaksonomiczne rodzaju Plantago. I - Analyze frakcji iridoidow.

Herba Pol. 30, 9 - 16, 1984; summarized in English)

Diseases whose treatment is appropriate in this plant.

Overweight.

Hyperlipidemia.

Irritable bowel / colitis spasmodic.

Constipation.

Diarrhea.

Hypertriglyceridemia.

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